The use of biofuels in rural households of developing countries generates indoor air pollution that imposes health risks, especially for those actively involved in cooking. This study examines risk factors for respiratory symptoms for rural women on the basis of comprehensive data on socio-economic variables, smoking habits, characteristics of the kitchen, cooking practices, fuel used, health symptoms, etc, from a very large number of sample households in three north Indian states, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh. The study points to a need for creating awareness on the issue in addition to making available more efficient stoves and clean fuels and highlighting the importance of proper ventilation in the cooking areas.