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What Explains the Decline in Infant Mortality in Demographically Underdeveloped States in India?

Vol. 57, Issue No. 47, 19 Nov, 2022
Barsharani Maharana, Laishram Ladusingh

Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have the highest infant mortality rate both in NFHS-3 (2005–06) and NFHS-4 (2015–16); but there has been a noticeable decline in IMRs in both the states during 2005–06 and 2015–16. The study endeavours to explore the factors that explain the decline in infant mortality in these two states. Findings from multiple regression and decomposition analysis attribute low birth weight, age of the mother at birth, mother’s educational attainment, mother’s use of cooking fuel and wealth status as the major contributing factors for the decline in infant mortality between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4.

Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in West Bengal

Vol. 56, Issue No. 16, 17 Apr, 2021
Lipi Ghosh

Literacy and education are vital developmental indicators for a nation. With more than 200 million children, India has the world’s most extensive primary education system. While primary school enrolment has increased significantly, learning levels remain low. To strengthen foundational literacy and numeracy, the West Bengal government launched “Shishu Aloy” a model Integrated Child Development Services centre in 2015. But the shortage of trained anganwadi workers is the major drawback of this programme in rural villages of West Bengal.

 

Social Capital and Collective Action

Vol. 38, Issue No. 14, 05 Apr, 2003
Emmanuel D'Silva, Sudha Pai

With the retreat of the interventionist state, development is often perceived as a product of partnership between the state and civil society with increasing emphasis on people's participation at the grass roots. Using a framework of collective action based upon social capital, this paper examines whether social capital is important for successful development outcomes at the grass roots in forest protection and watershed development. Three villages of Adilabad district in Andhra Pradesh are the focus of the study.

Benchmarking Early Literacy Skills

Vol. 37, Issue No. 34, 24 Aug, 2002
Ashok Joshi, Brij Kothari

India's literacy rate has been rising gradually. Unfortunately we are in the dark about the literacy levels of the so-called literates. This paper attempts to describe a simple, quick, and easy to administer tool for measuring literacy skills. The tool has been found to be useful in literacy and primary education contexts. Its use on a sample population can throw light on the distribution of literates along a range of skill levels.

Haryana's 'Setting Daughters'

Vol. 36, Issue No. 45, 10 Nov, 2001
Bhupendra Yadav

In the flurry of celebrations observed to mark the 35th anniversary of Haryana's formation, what passed largely unnoticed was the state's abysmal performance in seeking to improve the quality of lives of its women, discrimination against whom continues unabated as seen in a widening sex ratio and widening gender gap in literacy.

Cultural Stereotypes and Household Behaviour

Vol. 36, Issue No. 05-06, 03 Feb, 2001
Neera Burra

To improve levels of girls' education, it is vital to widen the definition of child labour beyond wage employment. At present, there is little recognition of the economic contribution of girls to the economy and little effort has been made to get girls out of work and into school. There also remain long-standing stereotypes and norms that seek to discriminate against the girl child. However, the picture is not all bleak, for efforts at the grass roots level are afoot, wherein the NGOs have worked hand-in-hand with villagers to send their girls to school with very dramatic results.

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