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How Reliable Is Labour Market Data in India?

Vol. 56, Issue No. 52, 25 Dec, 2021
A Srija, Jitender Singh

Public perception about the pattern of shock on the employment rate during COVID-19 is based on the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy data, which is widely referred to in public debates, corporate policy-making, and banking sector. The question that crops up then is how reliable is the CMIE data on the labour market? Here, the examination of the employment ratio indicator of the Periodic Labour Force Survey and CMIE is extended to two another very important labour market indicators, that are, labour force participation rate and unemployment rate, and a comparison of the PLFS and CMIE is carried out to look at their trends and association.

Reversing the Gaze

Vol. 56, Issue No. 50, 11 Dec, 2021
Nithila Kanagasabai

If the global South has for long been studied from afar, given its colonial history, what knowledge can reversing the gaze from a distance produce?

 

Striving for Begumpura: Traversing the Intellectual Activism of Gail Omvedt

​Writer, researcher, life-long fellow traveller of the progressive movements and long-time author with the Economic & Political Weekly, Gail Omvedt passed away on 25 August 2021. In this reading list, we present some of the highlights of her scholarship published in EPW.

Labour Force and Employment Growth in India

Vol. 56, Issue No. 47, 20 Nov, 2021
Balakrushna Padhi, Venkatanarayana Motkuri

This study analyses the changing structure of the labour force and employment in India using the Employment and Unemployment Survey (2011–12) and the Periodic Labour Force Surveys I and II (2017–18 and 2018–19). The estimates indicate that there was a mere improvement in employment from 2017–18 to 2018–19; however, as this was accompanied by a decline in the size of the workforce between 2011–12 and 2017–18, this does not indicate recovery. The unemployment rate, especially that of youth, remains at a historic high. A remarkable decline in the share of agriculture in the workforce without a corresponding increase in the non-agricultural sector indicates a somewhat distorted structural transformation. A sizeable portion of the female population has been withdrawn from the labour and workforces. 

National Manufacturing Policy

Vol. 56, Issue No. 45-46, 06 Nov, 2021
Sandeep Kumar Kujur, Diti Goswami

With the introduction of the National Manufacturing Policy, 2011, India envisioned capacity expansion and sustainable growth. As the NMP is approaching its target deadline of 2022, this article is a reality check on the progress of its major objectives. Introspecting these objectives, it argues for the need to devise and enact the rehabilitation of manufacturing strategies to suit the changing times.

 

Rural–Urban Linkages in Bihar

Vol. 56, Issue No. 45-46, 06 Nov, 2021
Tanuka Endow, Sunil Kumar Mishra

The growth of the manufacturing sector is important for employing a growing labour force and much is also dependent on their skill level. Enterprise surveys in six sample towns of Bihar, a state characterised by slow industrialisation and urbanisation, find evidence of fairly strong rural–urban linkages for manufacturing enterprises. Although the linkages indicate that the manufacturing sector has the maximum potential to create employment by absorbing the surplus labour in the rural areas, it was found that this sector has been languishing in the sample towns. The findings also flag the challenges and areas of growth for industries.

 

Rural–Urban Disparity in the Standard of Living across States of India

Vol. 56, Issue No. 45-46, 06 Nov, 2021
H S Shergill

The rural–urban disparity in the standard of living in India is estimated on the basis of per capita consumption or use of non-durable goods, durable consumer goods, and house and living facilities enjoyed by the population of the rural and urban sectors in major states of India in 2011–12. This estimate shows that the rural–urban disparity in the standard of living is the highest in Jharkhand and Odisha and the lowest in Punjab and Kerala. The interstate variation in rural–urban disparity is negatively correlated with per capita state domestic product, degree of urbanisation, level of agricultural development, and per capita amount of remittances received by rural households. It is positively correlated with the percentage of state population below the poverty line.

 

Economic Impact of COVID-19-induced Lockdown on Rural Households

Vol. 56, Issue No. 44, 30 Oct, 2021
Pratap C Mohanty, Jipson John Jaimon

Through a series of data visualisations, the article attempts to illustrate the economic repercussions of the COVID-19-induced lockdown of 2020 on rural households. It focuses on how consumption, labour and income, healthcare, access to relief programmes and migration were effected by the lockdown in six major states.

 

Understanding the Skills and Livelihood Aspirations of the Working Homeless Men of Yamuna Pushta

Vol. 56, Issue No. 43, 23 Oct, 2021
Ashwin Parulkar, Anhad Imaan

Delhi’s homeless migrants work daily wage jobs that provide temporary housing on worksites, but they often endure abuse from their contractors and employers and receive low to no wages. The city’s approximately 200 shelters allot 18 square feet per resident, which is far below the National Urban Livelihoods Mission’s Scheme of Shelters for Urban Homeless guideline of 50 square feet per person. Labourers in Yamuna Pushta use congested shelters because the nearby jobs determine their survival. In this context, the homeless labourers’ working and shelter conditions, the skills they possess, and the barriers they face to decent working conditions are examined.

Global Unemployment and Inequality during 1991–2019

Vol. 56, Issue No. 42, 16 Oct, 2021
Ranjit Singh Ghuman, Rajeev Sharma

Based on secondary data, the paper discusses the changes in global unemployment and inequality between 1991 and 2019. The analysis reveals that the rate of unemployment and incidence of inequality have either increased or remained stubbornly high in almost all the countries under study.

From Labour and Capital to Labour for Capital

Vol. 56, Issue No. 39, 25 Sep, 2021

The labour codes reveal less consultation and more government assertion at the expense of workers.

 

Plantation Workers and the OSHWC Code, 2020

Vol. 56, Issue No. 38, 18 Sep, 2021
Kingshuk Sarkar, Vinit Ghosh

Welfare provisions for plantation workers in the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 are subject to how respective state governments frame rules and can have wide variations too. A basic standard template from the central government would have been better, preventing wide variations, as well as ensuring a basic threshold. Further, there is a need to recognise the use of technology in ensuring better occupational safety and health outcomes.

 

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