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Mapping the Educational Status of the Pangal Community in Manipur
The educational status of the Pangal minority community in Manipur is not portrayed sufficiently in the available literature. Why are their educational levels lagging behind the Meitei community? Does the community’s religion obstruct their social upliftment? This article attempts to explore the educational status of the Pangal community in Manipur based on different reports on their education and socio-economic backwardness.
The authors are thankful to Khalid Khan and Azhar for the valuable inputs and insightful suggestions related to the data analysis. Thanks are owed to everyone who gave great inputs for the improvement of this article.
The main factor for the development of any community, society, and individual is education. Without modern English education, the community cannot develop its social and economic status. It reflects their identity and change from one status to another in the social hierarchy (Das 2007). This article seeks to explore the deplorable condition of the Pangal community in higher education based on the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE), 2018–19, Socio-Economic Survey of Meitei Pangals (SES–MP) (Directorate of Economics and Statistics 2004), Sachar Committee Report 2006, etc. Historical accounts witness that the condition of their higher education is poor despite the provision of 4% reservation in education and employment.
Source of Data and Methodology
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