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Mapping Indian Districts across Census Years, 1971-2001

In India, for many empirical questions, states have been the standard unit of analysis and they are a natural starting point for research using official data sources because state governments set political agendas and budgets and administer a wide range of services. The use of more disaggregated district data allows the study of outcomes across regions with similar historical contexts and political regimes. Most districtlevel studies, however, have relied on cross-sectional analysis because district comparisons over time are complicated by multiple boundary changes. As providing information on boundary changes across districts will facilitate the construction of district-level panel data sets, this article provides data on the composition of all Indian districts over the 1971-2001 period that can enable the construction of district panels.

Mapping Indian Districts across Census Years, 1971-2001

Hemanshu Kumar, Rohini Somanathan

the 356 Indian districts in 1971 (38%) were unaffected by boundary changes over the subsequent three decades, 79 districts (22%) were cleanly partitioned into multiple districts over the same period, and the remaining 141 districts experienced more complex changes. Unchanged districts

In India, for many empirical questions, states have been the standard unit of analysis and they are a natural starting point for research using official data sources because state governments set political agendas and budgets and administer a wide range of services. The use of more disaggregated district data allows the study of outcomes across regions with similar historical contexts and political regimes. Most districtlevel studies, however, have relied on cross-sectional analysis because district comparisons over time are complicated by multiple boundary changes. As providing information on boundary changes across districts will facilitate the construction of district-level panel data sets, this article provides data on the composition of all Indian districts over the 1971-2001 period that can enable the construction of district panels.

Hemanshu Kumar (hemanshukumar@gmail. com) and Rohini Somanathan (rohini@ econdse.org) are with the Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi.

Economic & Political Weekly

EPW
october 10, 2009

T
he Indian states have been the standard unit of analysis for research on India that uses official data sources. For many empirical questions, states are a natural starting point because state governments set political agendas and budgets and administer a wide range of services. In addition, the boundaries of many states have been unchanged for over half a century and those of all major states were largely unchanged between 1971 and 2000. This stability has resulted in the relatively easy construction and use of panel data sets at the state level and these data have been used to ask a variety of questions relating to the effectiveness of public policy.

1 Introduction

The use of more disaggregated district data allows the study of outcomes across regions with similar historical contexts and political regimes. States have an average of 20 districts, so district-level panels can also be much larger. Most districtlevel studies however have relied on crosssectional analysis because district comparisons over time are complicated by multiple boundary changes. Between 1971 and 2001, the number of districts increased from 356 to 593, a rise of about 67%. The purpose of this article is to provide information on boundary changes across districts that will facilitate the construction of district-level panel data sets.

We use population data from the state and central volumes of the Census of India to document changes in district boundaries between 1971 and 2001. For each decade during the 1971-2001 period, we classify districts into three categories: those with unchanged boundaries, those created by partitioning existing districts and finally, districts whose current boundaries were located in multiple districts at the time of the previous census. We find that 136 of

vol xliv No 41

obviously pose no problem for the construction of panel data and the number of these districts can be quite large for short panels. For partitioned districts we provide population weights that permit the construction of panels using boundaries of either later or earlier census years as the base.

For districts that are neither unchanged nor partitioned it is in general only possible to generate accurate population weights across adjacent census years. We provide these weights separately for the three periods: 1971-81, 1981-91, and 1991-2001. In addition, we amalgamate neighbouring districts into composite regions with un changed boundaries between each census year and 2001. These composite regions, along with the unchanged and partitioned districts, give us the complete set of geographical units with unchanged boundaries between any census year and 2001.

Section 2 provides details on data sources and our methods and compares these to those used by other studies relying on multi-year district data. Section 3 summarises some basic patterns. Section 4 concludes with some caveats on using our data and points to the type of work needed to construct district-level series over long time periods.

2 Data Sources and Methods

Our mapping of districts across 1971-2001 is based on tables provided as part of a publication on General Population Tables (Part II-A). These tables are published both in the state volumes as well as the national volumes. The national volumes document territorial changes at the district level, while individual state volumes also provide details of intra-district changes.

We use three primary sources from national volumes of the General Population Tables for all census years from 1971 to 2001. First, Appendix 1 to Table A-1 provides a detailed statement of territorial units at the

time of the current census and the changes in Our second source is Table 2: Summary of Intercensal Boundary Changes (1971-91) This table lists the number of districts that remained unchanged or were clean partitions of

territorial boundaries during the preceding the Appendix to Table

districts covered in the previous census year. The residual category is "Other".

decade. For each affected territorial unit, it A-2 in the same publi-State/UT 1971-81 1981-91 Unchanged Partitions Other Unchanged Partitions Other

lists the regions added and subtracted, cation. This appendix

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

along with their areas in square kilometres. lists the area and popu-Andaman and Nicobar Islands 0 2 0 2 0 0 lation of all districts as Andhra Pradesh 16 2 5 18 0 5

Table 1: Number of Districts in Each Census Year

per their current bound-Arunachal Pradesh 1 4 4 5 4 2

Census 2001 State/UT Number of Districts 1971 1981 1991 2001aries. For each district it Assam 9 0 1 2 7 14

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Bihar 7 240 24 180

also provides the popu-

Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 2 2 2

Chandigarh 1 0 0 1 0 0

lation in the previous

Andhra Pradesh 21 23 23 23

Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1 0 0 1 0 0

census adjusted to the

Arunachal Pradesh 5 9 11 13

Daman and Diu 2 0 0

Assam 10 10 23 23 current boundaries. This

NCT Delhi 1 0 0 1 0 0 Bihar 17 31 42 37 would be the number

Goa 3 0 0 0 2 0 Chandigarh 1 1 1 1 obtained by netting out

Gujarat 19 0 0 19 0 0 Chhattisgarh 16 the population of the Haryana 2 1 15

1 9 0 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1 1 1 1

areas transferred in Himachal Pradesh 5 3 4 10 0 2

Daman and Diu 2 2

and out of the district. Jammu and Kashmir 3 4 7 14 0 0

Delhi 1 1 1 9

In a large number of Karnataka 19 0 0 16 2 2

Goa 3 3 2 2

Kerala 4 0 8 6 2 6

cases, when a district

Gujarat 19 19 19 25 Lakshadweep 1 0 0 1 0 0

Haryana 7 12 16 19 is partitioned or only Madhya Pradesh 40 2 3 45 0 0

Himachal Pradesh 10 12 12 12 affected by one area Maharashtra 26 0 0 16 0 14

Jammu and Kashmir 10 14 14 14 transfer, this table is suf-Manipur 2 0 4 3 0 5

Jharkhand 18

ficient to deduce the

Meghalaya 0 50 5 00Karnataka 19 19 20 27

population of individual

Mizoram 0 3 0 3 0 0

Kerala 10 12 14 14

regions transferred.

Nagaland 0 70 1 06Lakshadweep 1 1 1 1

Our third source is

Orissa 13 0 0 13 0 0

Madhya Pradesh 43 45 45 45 the footnotes to the Pondicherry 4 0 0 4 0 0

Maharashtra 26 26 30 35 Manipur 5 6 8 9 Appendix to Table A-2. Punjab 4 0 8 7 0 5 Meghalaya 2 5 5 7 These footnotes detail Rajasthan 18 0 8 21 2 4

Sikkim 2 0 2 4 0 0

Mizoram 3 3 8 individual transfers bet-Nagaland 3 7 78 TamilNadu 9 2 5 12 9 0

ween affected districts,

Orissa 13 13 1330 Tripura 1 0 2 1 0 2

together with the

Pondicherry 4 4 4 4 Uttar Pradesh 49 2 5 41 8 14

number and year of the

Punjab 11 12 12 17 West Bengal 14 0 2 14 0 3

government notification

Rajasthan 26 26 27 32 India 271 62 79 313 54 99

that effected the trans-(1) In columns (2), (3) and (4), districts are listed as per 1981 jurisdictions, while in columns (5), (6) and (7), districts are listed as per 1991 jurisdictions.

Sikkima 4 4 4 4

fer. A typical entry from

Tamil Nadu 14 16 21 30 (2) The summary of intercensal boundary changes between 1991 and 2001 can be obtained from columns (8), (9) and (10) of Table 3.

Tripura 3 3 34 a footnote on page 142 Uttar Pradesh 54 56 63 70 of the Census 2001 national volume (Gov-figures reported by the census volumes Uttaranchal

13 ernment of India 2005) reads as follows: without attempting any adjustments.3 West Bengal 16 16 17 18

We refer to a district B as a “child” of

Fifty-eight villages with an area of 147.29 sq

Statesa 19 22 25 29

another district A, if any inhabited areas

km and population of 57,365 were transferred

Union Territories 10 9 7 6

to Khamanon tahsil of newly formed Fateh-have been transferred from A to B during

Districtsa 356 412 466 593

garh Sahib district vide Punjab Govt Notifica-the period under consideration. District A

a While Sikkim was not a part of the Union of India in 1971, later Indian Censuses allow us to trace boundary changes in tion No 2/3/92-RE.II(i)/4412 dated 9.4.92.

is referred to as a “parent” of B. Unchanged

Sikkim back till 1971. In this and all following tables, we use this information; however, the totals for states and districts in India Occasionally, the above sources from districts are single parent and single child do not include Sikkim in 1971.

(1) If a Union Territory is not further subdivided in any given the national volumes are insufficient to districts and partitioned districts share a census year, we count it as a single district in that year.

figure out individual boundary changes.1 single parent. For these two classes of

  • (2) The Census did not cover Assam in 1981 and Jammu and Kashmir in 1991 due to political unrest. In these cases, we took recourse to the districts it is straightforward to construct a
  • (3) In November 2000, the states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttaranchal were created from Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and more detailed tables published in the state district panel based on district boundaries Uttar Pradesh, respectively. The UT of Goa, Daman and Diu was separated into the state of Goa and the UT of Daman and Diu
  • volumes.2 There are also some small areas corresponding to 1971 because populations

    in 1987. In the same year, the UTs of Mizoram and Arunachal

    close to state borders whose jurisdiction is for boundaries corresponding to the parent

    Pradesh were also accorded statehood. Sikkim was added to the Union of India in 1975. Mizoram was created as a UT from disputed. There is no systematic approach district are simply the sum of child popula-Mizo district of Assam in 1972. In the same year, the UTs of Manipur and Tripura also acquired statehood. to classifying these areas. They are some-tions. To illustrate, the district of Muzaf

    (4) Following Census documents, we count Delhi as a UT in

    times included in the population figures farpur in Bihar in 1971 is partitioned into

    1971, 1981 and 1991, but as a state in 2001. The Autonomous State of Meghalaya was created on 2 April 1970, but it acquired for both states and sometimes excluded the three districts Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi

    full statehood only in 1972. Census 1971 documents list it as a state, and we follow this convention. completely. We simply use the population and Vaishali in 1972 and Sitamarhi is

    70 october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41

    further partitioned in 1994 to form Sheohar district. To obtain a time series on (say) the literate population of Muzaffarpur as per its 1971 boundaries, one would simply aggregate the literate population in the child districts for subsequent census years. It is also possible to create a panel based on district boundaries of later census years if we make certain assumptions about the distribution of the population. In the above example, an estimate of the number of literates in Sheohar in 1971 can be obtained by multiplying the data for Muzaffarpur in that year, by the product of two terms. The first is the fraction of the 1971 Muzaffarpur population that was in Sitamarhi by 1981, and the second is the fraction of the Sitamarhi population in 1991 which fell within

    Table 3: Summary of Boundary Changes

    the boundaries of Sheohar. The greater the uniformity in the distribution of the literate population across the original district, the more accurate would be a time series generated in this manner.

    When a district has more than one parent, we cannot use the above procedure to obtain district panels spanning multiple census years. For example, a large part of present-day Champawat district was formed from Champawat tahsil of Pithoragarh district in 1997 (with the remaining part coming from Nainital district). Champawat tahsil was part of Almora district until Census 1971, and was transferred to Pithoragarh district only during the 1971-81 period. No part of the area within Pithoragarh’s boundaries in 1971 was part

    This table lists the number of Census 2001 districts that had remained unchanged from, or were clean partitions of, districts covered in previous census years. The residual category is "Other".

    of Champawat in 2001. Yet, if we mechanically and successively applied weights based on population shares over the census years, we would attribute 59% of the population of present-day Champawat as coming from Pithoragarh in 1971.4

    In the above example, an entire tahsil was transferred across districts. However a large number of boundary changes involve a portion of a tahsil or taluk being transferred to a different district. In such cases, the tables tell us the number of villages that were transferred, but do not identify the villages themselves. This makes it impossible to track the transferred region across multiple census years. For these reasons, we only provide weights across adjacent census years for districts with multiple parents. To create longer panels, albeit with some error, our tables must be combined with a visual examina-

    Census 2001 State/UT 1971 Unchanged Partitions 1981 Other Unchanged Partitions Other Unchanged 1991 Partitions Other Total 2001 Districts tion of the maps described below.
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) Another approach to creating long pan-
    Andaman and Nicobar Islands 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 els which include all parts of the country is
    Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar 13 0 2 0 0 7 7 29 10 6 14 8 18 4 2 15 0 6 7 16 5 3 14 6 21 9 21 22 0 4 0 10 2 0 2 5 23 13 23 37 to amalgamate districts into composite regions which experience no inter-regional transfers. To generate these, each parent
    Chandigarh 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 district is put in the same region as all its
    Chhattisgarh 0 10 6 1 10 5 1 10 5 16 child districts. To illustrate with Andhra
    Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Pradesh, the state had 21 districts in 1971
    Daman and Diu 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 and the boundaries of 13 of these were
    NCT Delhi 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 intact in 2001. The remaining eight districts
    Goa 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 can be grouped into five composite regions
    Gujarat 7 4 14 7 4 14 7 4 14 25 with unchanged regional boundaries over
    Haryana 0 0 19 1 0 18 4 2 13 19 the 30-year period. (Tables 5 to 8 are posted
    Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka 4 3 0 8 3 4 12 13 5 7 6 6 1014 0 8 0 0 15 13 2 0 3 6 1214 8 12 0 0 7 11 0 0 3 4 12 14 18 27 on the EPW web site alongside this paper.) As a result, there are a total of 18 regions of Andhra Pradesh which can form the basis
    Kerala 1 0 13 6 2 6 12 0 2 14 for a 1971-2001 panel data set for the state.
    Lakshadweep 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 In contrast to our methods, most existing
    Madhya Pradesh 27 12 6 29 14 2 29 14 2 45 studies that have used multi-year district
    Maharashtra 12 8 15 12 8 15 25 10 0 35 level data have combined a visual compar-
    Manipur 1 0 8 3 0 6 7 2 0 9 ison of district maps with some information
    Meghalaya 0 3 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 7 on areas transferred. Murthi et al (2001)
    Mizoram 0 8 0 1 7 0 1 7 0 8 use administrative maps to create a corre-
    Nagaland 0 0 8 1 0 7 6 2 0 8 spondence between 1981 and 1991 districts.
    Orissa Pondicherry 3 4 27 0 0 0 3 4 27 0 0 0 3 4 27 0 0 0 30 4 Banerjee and Iyer (2005) collapse modern districts into 1961 districts to examine the
    Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim 1 14 2 0 4 0 16 14 2 1 184 2 6 0 148 0 1 224 2 6 0 14 4 0 17 32 4 effect of historical land tenure systems on agricultural productivity in subsequent
    Tamil Nadu 3 13 14 7 20 3 13 15 2 30 years. Banerjee and Somanathan (2007)
    Tripura 0 0 4 1 0 3 1 0 3 4 compare 1931 districts with those in the
    Uttar Pradesh 15 25 30 17 25 28 28 21 21 70 1961-91 period and also map current par-
    Uttaranchal 2 0 11 2 2 9 3 2 8 13 liamentary constituencies to districts in
    West Bengal 11 2 5 13 2 3 16 2 0 18 the latter period to explore the relationship
    India 136 204 249 211 199 183 317 169 107 593 between constituency demographics and
    Economic & Political Weekly october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41 71
    EPW
    Table 4: Districts with Boundaries Unchanged between 1971 and 2001 period. Our contribution lies in using these

    State/UT District

    figures to construct a comprehensive

    Andhra Pradesh East Godavari, Guntur, Karimnagar, Khammam, Krishna, Kurnool, Mahbubnagar,

    classification of district-level boundary

    Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Prakasam (Ongole), Warangal, West Godavari

    changes for the 1971-2001 period.

    Assam Karbi Anglong (Mikir Hills), North Cachar Hills

    Chandigarh Chandigarh

    3 Summary of Findings6

    Dadra and Nagar Haveli Dadra and Nagar Haveli

    Table 1 (p 70) lists the number of districts

    Daman and Diu Daman, Diu

    Gujarat Jamnagar, Kachchh, Rajkot, Sabar Kanta, Surat, Surendranagar, The Dangs in each state for each census year. The

    Himachal Pradesh Bilaspur, Kinnaur, Kullu, Mandi total number of Indian districts went up

    Jammu and Kashmir Doda, Punch, Rajauri
    Karnataka (Mysore) Bidar, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Hassan, Kodagu (Coorg), Kolar, Mandya, Tumkur
    Kerala Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum)
    Lakshadweep Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands)
    Madhya Pradesh Balaghat, Betul, Bhind, Chhatarpur, Chhindwara, Damoh, Dewas, Dhar, East Nimar (Khandwa), Guna, Indore, Jhabua, Narsimhapur, Panna, Raisen, Rajgarh, Ratlam, Rewa, Sagar, Satna, Seoni, Shajapur, Shivpuri, Sidhi, Tikamgarh, Ujjain, Vidisha
    Maharashtra Amravati, Buldana, Jalgaon, Nagpur, Nanded, Nashik, Pune, Raigarh (Kolaba),
    Satara, Thane, Wardha, Yavatmal
    Manipur Ukhrul (Manipur East)
    Orissa Kendujhar, Mayurbhanj, Sundargarh
    Pondicherry Karaikal, Mahe, Pondicherry, Yanam
    Punjab Kapurthala
    Rajasthan Ajmer, Banswara, Barmer, Bhilwara, Bikaner, Churu, Dungarpur, Jalor, Jhunjhunun, north-eastern states and the union terri-
    Nagaur, Pali, Sikar, Sirohi, Tonk
    Sikkim East, North tories. In the subsequent decade, most states
    Tamil Nadu contributed to the susbtantial increase in Dharmapuri, Kanniyakumari, The Nilgiris

    by 15.7% and 13%, respectively, in the first two decades and then by 27.3% during the 1991-2001 decade. New districts were created at very uneven rates across the Indian states. No new districts were created in Gujarat and Orissa until 1991 and only one or two new districts appeared in several other states (Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka). Most boundary changes during the 1971-91 period were concentrated in Tamil Nadu, Bihar, the

    Uttar Pradesh Bareilly, Budaun, Etah, Ghazipur, Hardoi, Jalaun, Jaunpur, Kheri, Lucknow, Pilibhit,
    Pratapgarh, Rampur, Shahjahanpur, Sitapur, Unnao
    Uttaranchal Dehraduna, Uttarkashi
    West Bengal Bankura, Barddhaman (Burdwan), Birbhum, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri,
    Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur (Midnapore), Puruliya

    a One village with area 1 sq km and unknown population was transferred from Tehri Garhwal district to Dehradun district between 1971 and 1981.

  • (1) Districts are listed according to the state they were part of in 2001.
  • (2) Where they are significantly different, older names of states and districts are mentioned in brackets.
  • the availability of public goods. Most recently, Bharadwaj et al (2008) map districts of British India in 1931 with corresponding areas in Pakistan and India in 1951 to study labour migration induced by the Partition of India.

    Maps for successive census years are available in the Indian Administrative Atlas 1872-2001 (Government of India 2004) published as part of the documentation of Census 2001. Map No 15 in this publication provides a list of newly created districts in each decade between 1951 and 2001. Appendix I tracks changes in the spellings of district names in each decade, while Appendix III provides an “Equivalence Table of Administrative Divisions 1961-2001”.5

    While these administrative maps are extremely useful in pointing out the principal antecedents of districts over long periods of time, visual comparisons of district boundaries based on these maps is necessarily coarse. Differences in population density are ignored and districts which either lose or receive small areas may appear unchanged. To illustrate, Murthi et al (2001) use administrative maps to classify 368 districts as being unchanged between 1981 and 1991, and another 42 districts as partitioned into two or three 1991 districts each (see their Table 2). Our own analysis reveals that there were only 313 districts that were unchanged between 1981 and 1991, and another 23 that were partitioned. Many of the differences in classification arise because small transfers are neglected when maps are used. If for example, we ignore transfers of up to 5% of the original district’s population, we get 358 unchanged districts and 35 districts being partitioned bet ween 1981 and 1991. These errors of misclassification are likely to get compounded in studies that cover longer time periods.

    We are aware of one other study that relies on the population table we have used in this paper. Reddy (1988) in his historical study of changes in agricultural labour uses them to isolate 98 regions with unchanged boundaries over the 1881-1981

    october 10, 2009

    the number of districts. The only exceptions were the states of Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala, where the number of districts remained unchanged between 1991 and 2001.

    Table 2 (p 70) and Table 3 (p 71) show how districts can be placed in our threefold classification – those with unchanged boundaries, clean partitions of existing districts and a residual category of all remaining districts. Some states such as Bihar are good candidates for inclusion in multi-year panels because, even though the number of districts increased significantly, new districts were created by partitioning existing ones. In contrast, Haryana and Gujarat experienced a complex reorganisation of district boundaries. This makes it much harder to create long demographic panels for these states.

    Table 4 lists the names of all districts whose boundaries remained unchanged throughout the 1971-2001 period. Table 5 lists all partitioned districts, and for each new district it provides the population share it received of the parent district. Table 6 contains districts that are neither unchanged nor partitioned. As argued in Section 2, for these districts it is only possible to define meaningful population weights for adjacent census years. Tables 6a-6c provide these weights.

    vol xliv No 41

    As discussed in Section 2, it is possible to create a 1971-2001 district panel for the entire country as long as we are willing to amalgamate the districts in Tables 6a-6c into composite regions with unchanged boundaries. Table 7 tells us the size of the panels that can be generated in this manner. For the whole country, we can define 267 such regions for the 1971-2001 period, 334 for 1981-2001 and 414 for 1991-2001.

    Table 8 lists the composite regions individually. In some cases the complexity of underlying transfers means that such regions can be quite large. To cite the two largest composite regions by population for the period 1971-2001: the entire state of Punjab except Kapurthala district forms one composite region, while the entire state of Haryana forms part of one composite region that also includes two neighbouring districts (Bulandshahr and Meerut) of the state of Uttar Pradesh. In general, there are very few such regions that cross state boundaries.

    4 Conclusions

    The purpose of this article is to provide data on the composition of all Indian districts over the 1971-2001 period that can enable the construction of district panels. We conclude with a few caveats on using our data.

    First, we have restricted ourselves to an examination of population shares and have neglected changes in district areas. The resulting classification is a natural one for the study of demographic questions but may not be the most appropriate for studies of land-use or climate, where weights based on areas transferred may seem more appropriate. Our main reason for not supplementing population changes with a study of areas transferred is the difficulty in obtaining a consistent time series of district areas. Different administrative authorities are responsible for the compilation of district and sub-district areas; the office of the surveyor general provides district areas while areas of jurisdictional boundaries below the district level (blocks, tahsils, villages) are based on numbers provided by land revenue authorities and municipal bodies (Government of India 2005: 25). These two sets of figures are often inconsistent.

    Second, we have limited ourselves to changes in boundaries across census years. Much of the research on India uses

    Economic & Political Weekly

    EPW
    october 10, 2009

    household survey data from the National Sample Survey, the National Family Health Survey and other sources. The years for which these data are collected do not match census years. To create a panel based on these data sets, researchers can use the footnotes to the Appendix to Table A-2 which we have mentioned in Section 2 because these notes contain the year in which each transfer was made.7

    A final caveat relates to the creation of multi-year district panels. The information provided here only allows for these to be created for unchanged districts, single parent districts, and the amalgamated regions described in Section 2 and listed in Table 8. For districts with multiple parents, it is not in general possible to use data on transfers in successive years to generate population weights over longer periods, as discussed in Section 2. If the data presented here are used for this purpose, they should certainly be combined with an examination of maps from the census publications to minimise errors. Ultimately, the only way to create error-free panels for all districts is to track the movement of villages across district boundaries. This is possible but time-consuming for the years before 1991 when census village data was not available in digital form. We leave this for future work.

    Notes

    1 This is the case for changes in Himachal Pradesh during 1971-81, Haryana during 1981-91, Assam during 1971-91, and Manipur during 1981-91.

    2 In one case, Haryana, both the national and state volumes are inadequate in identifying boundary changes during 1981-91. Several transfers during this period in Haryana involved small numbers of villages and neither central nor state volumes list the population of transferred villages. As noted at the bottom of Table 6b, our figures for selected districts in Haryana over this period are, as a result, approximate.

    3 For example, due to the changing course of the river Ganga, the status of 18 villages has been under dispute between the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. The populations of these villages for 2001 have been included in both Maldah district of West Bengal and Sahibganj district of Jharkhand (Government of India 2005: 24). In contrast, an area of 13 sq km which has been long disputed by Pondicherry and Andhra Pradesh has been excluded from the population of both regions (ibid 169).

    4 From Tables 6a-6c, the product of the population weights is computed as 75.57%×100%×78.44% = 59.28%

    5 More detailed maps are also available from three other sources: (i) the state-wise Administrative Atlas series published for the 2001 Census; (ii) the state-wise Census Atlas series published with every Census since 1961; and (iii) the District Census Handbooks, of which there is one volume per district in every census year.

    6 As mentioned, Tables 5 to 8 are posted on the EPW web site alongside this paper.

    7 However, these notes are sometimes incomplete. Aside from the previously mentioned case of Haryana during 1981-91, information on the year of the transfer is missing in the tables for Uttar Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh during 1971-81 and for West Bengal during 1981-91.

    References

    Banerjee, Abhijit and Lakshmi Iyer (2005): “History, Institutions, and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India”, The American Economic Review, 95(4): 1190-1213.

    Banerjee, Abhijit and Rohini Somanathan (2007): “The Political Economy of Public Goods: Some Evidence from India”, Journal of Development Economics, 82(2): 287-314.

    Bharadwaj, Prashant, Asim Khwaja and Atif Mian (2008): “The Big March: Migratory Flows after the Partition of India”, Economic & Political Weekly, 43(35): 39-49.

    Government of India (1996): General Population Tables and Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 1991: Series 8: Haryana (Chandigarh: Director of Census Operations, Haryana).

  • (2004): India Administrative Atlas 1872-2001: A Historical Perspective, Census of India 2001 (New Delhi: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India), Product No 00-068-2001Cen-Book.
  • (2005): General Population Tables: India, States and Union Territories, Part-I, Census of India 2001 (New Delhi: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India), Product No 00-130-2001-Cen-Book.
  • Murthi, Mamta, P V Srinivasan and S V Subramanian (2001): “Linking Indian Census with National Sample Survey”, Economic & Political Weekly, 36(9): 783-92.

    Reddy, Rammanohar (1988): “The Incidence of Agricultural Labourers in India: Variations over Time and Space, 1881-1981”, PhD thesis, Jawaharlal Nehru University.

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    Table 5: Census 2001 Districts That Are Partitions of Census 1971 Districts
    Census 2001 State/UT 1971 District Population in 1971 1981 District Share of 1991 District Share of 2001 District Share of
    1971 District 1981 District 1991 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
    Andaman and Andaman and Andaman 81.18 Andamans 100.00 Andamans 100.00
    Nicobar Islands Nicobar Islands 115,133 Nicobar 18.82 Nicobars 100.00 Nicobars 100.00
    Arunachal Pradesh Kameng 86,001 West Kameng 58.44 Tawang 34.34 Tawang 100.00
    West Kameng 65.66 West Kameng 100.00
    East Kameng 41.56 East Kameng 100.00 East Kameng 100.00
    Lohit 62,865 Dibang Valley 24.23 Dibang Valley 100.00 Dibang Valley 100.00
    Lohit 75.77 Lohit 100.00 Lohit 100.00
    Tirap 97,470 Tirap 100.00 Changlang 48.36 Changlang 100.00
    Tirap 51.64 Tirap 100.00
    Assama Lakhimpur 2,122,719 Lakhimpur NA Lakhimpur 22.65 Lakhimpur 100.00
    Dhemaji 10.87 Dhemaji 100.00
    Dibrugarh NA Dibrugarh 35.64 Dibrugarh 100.00
    Tinsukia 30.83 Tinsukia 100.00
    Cachar 1,713,318 Cachar 100.00 Karimganj 33.98 Karimganj 100.00
    Hailakandi 17.96 Hailakandi 100.00
    Cachar 48.07 Cachar 100.00
    Bihar Gaya 4,457,473 Nawada 20.05 Nawada 100.00 Nawada 100.00
    Gaya 57.15 Jehanabad 31.39 Jehanabad 100.00
    Gaya 68.61 Gaya 100.00
    Aurangabad 22.80 Aurangabad 100.00 Aurangabad 100.00
    Shahabad 3,939,034 Rohtas 49.35 Rohtas 100.00 Kaimur (Bhabua) 33.90
    Rohtas 66.10
    Bhojpur 50.65 Bhojpur 100.00 Bhojpur 62.24
    Buxar 37.76
    Saran 4,279,253 Saran 39.95 Saran 100.00 Saran 100.00
    Siwan 34.17 Siwan 100.00 Siwan 100.00
    Gopalganj 25.88 Gopalganj 100.00 Gopalganj 100.00
    Champaran 3,543,103 Paschim Champaran 44.79 Pashchim Champaran 100.00 Pashchim Champaran 100.00
    Purba Champaran 55.21 Purba Champaran 100.00 Purba Champaran 100.00
    Muzaffarpur 4,840,681 Sitamarhi 32.69 Sitamarhi 100.00 Sheohar 15.79
    Sitamarhi 84.21
    Muzaffarpur 39.44 Muzaffarpur 100.00 Muzaffarpur 100.00
    Vaishali 27.87 Vaishali 100.00 Vaishali 100.00
    Darbhanga 5,233,904 Samastipur 32.84 Samastipur 100.00 Samastipur 100.00
    Darbhanga 31.01 Darbhanga 100.00 Darbhanga 100.00
    Madhubani 36.15 Madhubani 100.00 Madhubani 100.00
    Bhagalpur 2,091,103 Bhagalpur 100.00 Bhagalpur 100.00 Bhagalpur 59.64
    Banka 40.36
    Saharsa 2,350,268 Saharsa 100.00 Saharsa 67.36 Supaul 54.25
    Saharsa 45.75
    Madhepura 32.64 Madhepura 100.00
    Purnea 3,941,863 Purnia 71.16 Purnia 42.22 Purnia 100.00
    Araria 35.38 Araria 100.00
    Kishanganj 22.40 Kishanganj 100.00
    Katihar 28.84 Katihar 100.00 Katihar 100.00
    Chhattisgarh Surguja 1,326,439 Surguja 100.00 Sarguja 100.00 Koriya 24.04
    Surguja 75.96
    Raigarh 1,278,705 Raigarh 100.00 Raigarh 100.00 Jashpur 38.11
    Raigarh 61.89
    Raipur 2,613,531 Raipur 100.00 Raipur 100.00 Raipur 64.72
    Mahasamund 20.25
    Dhamtari 15.04
    Bastar 1,515,956 Bastar 100.00 Bastar 100.00 Kanker 24.15
    Bastar 48.46
    Dantewada 27.40
    Delhi Delhi 4,065,698 Delhi 100.00 Delhi 100.00 North West 18.87
    North 7.29
    North East 11.52
    Continued
    october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41 Economic & Political Weekly
    EPW
    Table 5: Census 2001 Districts That Are Partitions of Census 1971 Districts (Continued)
    Census 2001 State/UT 1971 District Population in 1971 1981 District Share of 1991 District Share of 2001 District Share of
    1971 District 1981 District 1991 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
    East 10.86
    New Delhi 1.79
    Central 6.97
    West 15.21
    South-west 11.54
    South 15.94
    Goa Goa 795,120 Goa 100.00 North Goa 56.37 North Goa 100.00
    South Goa 43.63 South Goa 100.00
    Gujarat Panch Mahals 1,848,804 Panch Mahals 100.00 Panch Mahals 100.00 Panch Mahals 56.90
    Dohad 43.10
    Valsad (Bulsar) 1,428,742 Valsad 100.00 Valsad 100.00 Navsari 49.95
    Valsad 50.05
    Himachal Pradesh Kangra 1,327,211 Kangra 60.34 Kangra 100.00 Kangra 100.00
    Hamirpur 19.97 Hamirpur 100.00 Hamirpur 100.00
    Una 19.69 Una 100.00 Una 100.00
    Jammu and Kashmira Anantnag 832,280 Anantnag (Kashmir South) 62.25 Anantnag 100.00 Anantnag 100.00
    Pulwama 37.75 Pulwama 100.00 Pulwama 100.00
    Ladakh 105,291 Kargil 50.72 Kargil 100.00 Kargil 100.00
    Ladakh (Leh) 49.28 Leh (Ladakh) 100.00 Leh (Ladakh) 100.00
    Jharkhand Santal Parganas 3,186,908 Santhal Pargana 100.00 Godda 19.19 Godda 100.00
    Sahibganj 29.04 Sahibganj 56.63
    Pakaur 43.37
    Dumka 32.70 Dumka 100.00
    Deoghar 19.07 Deoghar 100.00
    Palamau 1,504,350 Palamu 100.00 Palamu 100.00 Garhwa 32.69
    Palamu 67.31
    Ranchi 2,611,445 Ranchi 100.00 Lohardaga 7.48 Lohardaga 100.00
    Gumla 33.13 Gumla 100.00
    Ranchi 59.39 Ranchi 100.00
    Singhbhum 2,437,799 Singhbhum 100.00 Purbi Singhbhum 48.18 Purbi Singhbhum 100.00
    Pashchimi Singhbhum 51.82 Pashchimi Singhbhum 100.00
    Karnataka Bangalore 3,365,515 Bangalore 100.00 Bangalore 70.65 Bangalore 100.00
    Bangalore Rural 29.35 Bangalore Rural 100.00
    Bijapur 1,985,591 Bijapur 100.00 Bijapur 100.00 Bagalkot 47.48
    Bijapur 52.52
    Dharwar 2,342,213 Dharwad 100.00 Dharwad 100.00 Gadag 24.52
    Dharwad 39.25
    Haveri 36.23
    Mysore District 2,077,238 Mysore 100.00 Mysore 100.00 Mysore 72.09
    Chamarajanagar 27.91
    Raichur 1,415,740 Raichur 100.00 Raichur 100.00 Raichur 58.52
    Koppal 41.48
    South Kanara 1,939,315 Dakshin Kannad 100.00 Dakshin Kannad 100.00 Udupi 38.53
    Dakshina Kannada 61.47
    Madhya Pradesh Morena 985,338 Morena 100.00 Morena 100.00 Sheopur 25.22
    Morena 74.78
    Shahdol 1,029,839 Shahdol 100.00 Shahdol 100.00 Umaria 24.13
    Shahdol 75.87
    Mandsaur 961,522 Mandsaur 100.00 Mandsaur 100.00 Neemuch 38.47
    Mandsaur 61.53
    Khargone (West Nimar)1,284,812 West Nimar 100.00 West Nimar 100.00 West Nimar 58.96
    Barwani 41.04
    Jabalpur 1,686,030 Jabalpur 100.00 Jabalpur 100.00 Katni 33.28
    Jabalpur 66.72
    Mandla 873,577 Mandla 100.00 Mandla 100.00 Dindori 39.64
    Mandla 60.36
    Maharashtra Greater Bombay 5,970,575 Greater Bombay 100.00 Greater Bombay 100.00 Mumbai (Suburban) 68.01
    Mumbai 31.99
    Continued
    Economic & Political Weekly october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41
    EPW
    Table 5: Census 2001 Districts That Are Partitions of Census 1971 Districts (Continued)
    Census 2001 State/UT 1971 District Population in 1971 1981 District Share of 1991 District Share of 2001 District Share of
    1971 District 1981 District 1991 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
    Dhulia 1,662,181 Dhule 100.00 Dhule 100.00 Nandurbar 41.90
    Dhule 58.10
    Akola 1,501,478 Akola 100.00 Akola 100.00 Akola 61.06
    Washim 38.94
    Bhandara 1,585,580 Bhandara 100.00 Bhandara 100.00 Bhandara 48.46
    Gondiya 51.54
    Meghalaya Garo Hills 406,615 East Garo Hills 25.26 East Garo Hills 100.00 East Garo Hills 100.00
    West Garo Hills 74.74 West Garo Hills 100.00 West Garo Hills 83.95
    South Garo Hills 16.05
    Mizoram Mizo 332,390 Aizawl 68.93 Aizawl 100.00 Mamit 13.50
    Kolasib 10.19
    Aizawl 49.30
    Champhai 17.44
    Serchhip 9.57
    Lunglei 18.69 Lunglei 100.00 Lunglei 100.00
    Chhimtuipui 12.38 Chhimtuipui 100.00 Lawngtlai 54.27
    Saiha 45.73
    Orissa Sambalpur 1,844,898 Sambalpur 100.00 Sambalpur 100.00 Bargarh 44.76
    Jharsuguda 16.39
    Sambalpur 30.16
    Debagarh 8.68
    Balasore 1,830,504 Baleshwar 100.00 Baleshwar 100.00 Baleshwar 60.54
    Bhadrak 39.46
    Cuttack 3,827,678 Cuttack 100.00 Cuttack 100.00 Kendrapara 20.81
    Jagatsinghapur 16.91
    Cuttack 37.18
    Jajapur 25.10
    Dhenkanal 1,293,914 Dhenkanal 100.00 Dhenkanal 100.00 Dhenkanal 49.66
    Anugul 50.34
    Baudh Khondmals 621,675 Phulabani 100.00 Phulbani 100.00 Kandhamal 63.23
    Baudh 36.77
    Bolangir 1,263,657 Balangir 100.00 Balangir 100.00 Sonapur 27.92
    Balangir 72.08
    Kalahandi 1,163,869 Kalahandi 100.00 Kalahandi 100.00 Nuapada 29.34
    Kalahandi 70.66
    Koraput 2,043,281 Koraput 100.00 Koraput 100.00 Rayagada 23.70
    Nabarangapur 28.10
    Koraput 34.18
    Malkangiri 14.02
    Ganjam 2,293,808 Ganjam 100.00 Ganjam 100.00 Ganjam 85.60
    Gajapati 14.40
    Puri 2,340,859 Puri 100.00 Puri 100.00 Nayagarh 21.80
    Khordha 41.84
    Puri 36.36
    Rajasthan Ganganagar 1,394,011 Ganganagar 100.00 Ganganagar 100.00 Ganganagar 53.47
    Hanumangarh 46.53
    Bharatpur 1,490,206 Bharatpur 100.00 Bharatpur 68.95 Bharatpur 100.00
    Dholpur 31.05 Dhaulpur 100.00
    Tamil Nadu North Arcot 3,755,797 North Arcot 100.00 North Arcot-Ambedkar 59.55 Vellore 100.00
    Tiruvannamalai-Sambuvara 40.45 Tiruvannamalai 100.00
    South Arcot 3,617,723 South Arcot 100.00 South Arcot 100.00 Viluppuram 56.49
    South Arcot 100.00 Cuddalore 43.51
    Salem 2,992,616 Salem 100.00 Salem 100.00 Salem 66.05
    Namakkal 33.95
    Coimbatore 4,373,178 Periyar 41.09 Periyar 100.00 Erode 100.00
    Coimbatore 58.91 Coimbatore 100.00 Coimbatore 100.00
    Continued
    october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41 Economic & Political Weekly
    EPW
    Table 5: Census 2001 Districts That Are Partitions of Census 1971 Districts (Continued)
    Census 2001 State/UT 1971 District Population in 1971 1981 District Share of 1991 District Share of 2001 District Share of
    1971 District 1981 District 1991 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
    Madurai 3,938,197 Madurai 100.00 Dindigul Anna 34.49 Dindigul 100.00
    Madurai 65.51 Madurai 69.58
    Theni 30.42
    Tirunelveli 3,200,515 Tirunelveli 100.00 Chidambaranar 37.79 Thoothukkudi 100.00
    Tirunelveli-Kattabomman 62.21 Tirunelveli 100.00
    Uttar Pradesh Moradabad 2,428,971 Moradabad 100.00 Moradabad 100.00 Moradabad 71.96
    Jyotiba Phule Nagar 28.04
    Farrukhabad 1,556,930 Farrukhabad 100.00 Farrukhabad 100.00 Farrukhabad 52.63
    Kannauj 47.37
    Allahabad 2,937,278 Allahabad 100.00 Allahabad 100.00 Kaushambi 20.78
    Allahabad 79.22
    Jhansi 1,307,058 Jhansi 66.57 Jhansi 100.00 Jhansi 100.00
    Lalitpur 33.43 Lalitpur 100.00 Lalitpur 100.00
    Hamirpur 988,215 Hamirpur 100.00 Hamirpur 100.00 Hamirpur 60.31
    Mahoba 39.69
    Banda 1,182,215 Banda 100.00 Banda 100.00 Banda 67.99
    Chitrakoot 32.01
    Bahraich 1,726,972 Bahraich 100.00 Bahraich 100.00 Bahraich 66.59
    Shrawasti 33.41
    Gonda 2,302,029 Gonda 100.00 Gonda 100.00 Balrampur 38.30
    Gonda 61.70
    Gorakhpur 3,038,177 Gorakhpur 100.00 Maharajganj 35.17 Mahrajganj 100.00
    Gorakhpur 64.83 Gorakhpur 100.00
    Deoria 2,812,350 Deoria 100.00 Deoria 100.00 Kushinagar 50.82
    Deoria 49.18
    Varanasi 2,852,459 Varanasi 100.00 Varanasi 100.00 Chandauli 26.23
    Varanasi 51.60
    Sant Ravidas Nagar Bhadohi 22.17
    Mirzapur 1,541,088 Mirzapur 100.00 Mirzapur 61.85 Mirzapur 100.00
    Sonbhadra 38.15 Sonbhadra 100.00
    West Bengal West Dinajpur 1,859,887 West Dinajpur 100.00 West Dinajpur 100.00 Uttar Dinajpur 60.65
    Dakshin Dinajpur 39.35

    a Census operations were not carried out in Assam in 1981 and Jammu and Kashmir in 1991. No jurisdictional changes occurred in Jammu and Kashmir between 1981 and 2001. For Assam, the only jurisdictional change in 1971-81 was the partitioning of Lakhimpur to create Dibrugarh. However, we do not know the population shares involved in this process. Hence the weights in column (5) are reported as "NA". Census 1991 documents do allow us to obtain the population shares of the 1971 district of Lakhimpur that went to its four child districts in 1991, and these numbers have been reported in column (7).

    Economic & Political Weekly

    Table 6a: Boundary Changes in ‘Other’ Districts (1971-1981) Table 6a: (Continued)
    Census 1971 1971 District Population 1981 District Share of 1981 Share of 1971 Census 1971 1971 District Population 1981 District Share of 1981 Share of 1971
    State/UT in 1971 District in District in State/UT in 1971 District in District in
    1971 District 1981 District 1971 District 1981 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    Andhra Pradesh Adilabad 1,288,348 Adilabad 100.00 100.00 Mahendragarh 691,639 Bhiwani 37.55 36.93
    Anantapur 2,115,321 Anantapuram 100.00 100.00 Mahendragarh 62.45 56.31
    Chittoor 2,285,536 Chittoor 99.21 100.00 Rohtak 1,785,534 Rohtak 61.52 100.00
    Nellore 0.79 1.11 Sonipat 38.48 100.00
    Cuddapah 1,577,267 Cuddapah 100.00 100.00 Himachal Pradesh Chamba 255,233 Chamba 98.42 100.00
    Hyderabad 2,791,762 Hyderabad 60.27 100.00 Lahul and Spiti 1.58 14.62
    Rangareddy 39.73 100.00 Lahul and Spiti 23,538 Lahul and Spiti 100.00 85.38
    Nellore 1,609,617 Nellore 100.00 98.89 Mahasu 440,118 Shimla 79.03 82.85
    Srikakulam 2,589,991 Srikakulam 68.34 100.00 Solan 20.97 38.87
    Vizianagaram 31.66 51.59 Simla 217,129 Shimla 33.16 17.15
    Visakhapatnam 2,805,366 Visakhapatanam 72.57 100.00 Solan 66.84 61.13
    Vizianagaram 27.43 48.41 Sirmaur 245,033 Sirmaur 100.00 100.00
    Arunachal Pradesh Siang 121,936 East Siang 40.19 100.00 Jammu and Baramula 775,724 Baramula 66.04 100.00
    Upper Subansiri 11.23 42.76 Kashmir (Kashmir North)
    West Siang 48.58 100.00 Kupwara 33.24 100.00
    Subansiri 99,239 Lower Subansiri 81.53 100.00 Srinagar 0.73 1.00
    Upper Subansiri 18.47 57.24 Jammu 731,743 Jammu 99.05 100.00
    Assam Darrang 1,736,188 Darrang 100.00 100.00 Kathua 0.42 1.10
    Goalpara 2,225,103 Goalpara 100.00 100.00 Udhampur 0.53 1.13
    Kamrup 2,854,183 Kamrup 100.00 100.00 Kathua 274,671 Kathua 100.00 98.90
    Nowgong 1,680,895 Nowgong 100.00 100.00 Srinagar 827,697 Badgam 32.50 100.00
    Sibsagar 1,837,389 Sibsagar 100.00 100.00 Srinagar 67.50 99.00
    Bihar Dhanbad 1,466,417 Dhanbad 100.00 100.00 Udhampur 338,846 Udhampur 100.00 98.87
    Hazaribagh 3,020,214 Giridih 45.51 100.00 Kerala Alleppey 2,125,722 Alleppey 100.00 100.00
    Hazaribagh 54.49 100.00 Cannanore 2,365,164 Cannanore 94.53 100.00
    Monghyr 3,892,609 Begusarai 29.48 100.00 Wayanad 5.47 31.25
    Munger 70.52 100.00 Ernakulam 2,383,178 Ernakulam 90.79 100.00
    Patna 3,556,945 Nalanda 36.72 100.00 Idukki 9.21 28.67
    Patna 63.28 100.00 Kottayam 2,085,134 Idukki 26.19 71.33
    Gujarat Ahmedabad 2,910,307 Ahmedabad 100.00 100.00 Kottayam 73.81 100.00
    Amreli 848,730 Amreli 100.00 100.00 Kozhikode 2,106,249 Kozhikode 86.49 100.00
    Banas Kantha 1,265,383 Banas Kantha 100.00 100.00 Wayanad 13.51 68.75
    Bharuch (Broach) 1,109,601 Bharuch 100.00 100.00 Mallapuram 1,856,362 Malappuram 99.9998 100.00
    Bhavnagar 1,405,285 Bhavnagar 100.00 100.00 Palghat 0.0002 0.0003
    Gandhinagar 200,642 Gandhinagar 100.00 100.00 Palghat 1,685,342 Palghat 100.00 99.9997
    Junagadh 1,656,677 Junagadh 100.00 100.00 Quilon 2,412,821 Quilon 100.00 100.00
    Kheda (Kaira) 2,451,387 Kheda 100.00 100.00 Trichur 2,128,797 Trichur 100.00 100.00
    Mehsana 2,092,468 Mahesana 100.00 100.00 Madhya Pradesh Bilaspur 2,440,962 Bilaspur 100.00 100.00
    Vadodara Datia 255,267 Datia 100.00 100.00
    (Baroda) 1,980,065 Vadodara 100.00 100.00 Durg 2,461,901 Durg 59.67 100.00
    Haryana Ambala 1,098,405 Ambala 100.00 100.00 Raj Nandgaon 40.33 100.00
    Gurgaon 1,707,369 Faridabad 41.91 100.00 Gwalior 858,005 Gwalior 100.00 100.00
    Gurgaon 38.46 100.00 Hoshangabad 805,870 Hoshangabad 100.00 99.77
    Mahendragarh 19.63 43.69 Sehore 1,084,933 Bhopal 52.74 100.00
    Hisar 2,132,948 Bhiwani 20.79 63.07 Hoshangabad 0.17 0.23
    Hisar 54.07 99.35 Sehore 47.09 100.00
    Jind 0.12 0.33 Maharashtra Ahmednagar 2,269,117 Ahmadnagar 100.00 100.00
    Sirsa 25.02 100.00 Aurangabad 1,971,006 Aurangabad 100.00 100.00
    Jind 639,610 Hisar 1.18 0.65 Bhir 1,286,121 Bid 100.00 100.00
    Jind 98.82 82.67 Chandrapur 1,640,137 Chandrapur 100.00 100.00
    Karnal 1,981,303 Jind 6.56 17.00 Kolhapur 2,048,049 Kolhapur 100.00 100.00
    Karnal 49.89 100.00 Osmanabad 1,896,687 Osmanabad 100.00 100.00
    Kurukshetra 43.55 100.00 Parbhani 1,506,771 Parbhani 100.00 100.00
    Continued

    october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41

    Table 6a: (Continued) Table 6a: (Continued)
    Census 1971 1971 District Population 1981 District Share of 1981 Share of 1971 Census 1971 1971 District Population 1981 District Share of 1981 Share of 1971
    in 1971 District in District in in 1971 District in District in
    State/UT 1971 District 1981 District State/UT 1971 District 1981 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    Ratnagiri 1,990,583 Ratnagiri 100.00 100.00 Sawai Madhopur 1,193,528 Sawai Madhopur 100.00 100.00
    Sangli 1,539,820 Sangli 100.00 100.00 Udaipur 1,803,680 Chittaurgarh 0.01 0.01
    Sholapur 2,253,840 Solapur 100.00 100.00 Udaipur 99.99 100.00
    Manipur Manipur Central 763,260 Manipur Central 94.46 100.00 Sikkim South District 52,423 South District 100.00 98.57
    Manipur South 0.33 2.52 West District 58,785 South District 1.30 1.43
    Manipur West 0.14 2.30 West District 98.70 100.00
    Tengnoupal 5.07 100.00 Tamil Nadu Chingleput 2,907,599 Chengalpattu 96.22 100.00
    Manipur North 104,175 Manipur North 100.00 100.00 Madras 3.78 4.26
    Meghalaya Manipur South Manipur West United Khasi and 98,114 44,975 605,084 Manipur South Manipur West East Khasi Hills 100.00 100.00 62.91 97.48 97.70 100.00 Madras 2,469,449 Ramanathapuram 2,860,207 Madras Ramanathapuram 100.00 100.00 95.74100.00
    Jaintia Hills Thanjavur 3,840,732 Pudukkottai 7.57 30.68
    Jaintia Hills 18.77 100.00 Thanjavur 92.43 100.00
    West Khasi Hills 18.32 100.00 Tiruchirapalli 3,848,816 Pudukkottai 17.06 69.32
    Mysore Belgaum 2,423,342 Belgaum 100.00 100.00 Tiruchchirappalli 82.94 100.00
    Bellary 1,122,686 Bellary 100.00 100.00 Tripura North Tripura 405,009 North Tripura 100.00 99.01
    Chitradurga 1,397,456 Chitradurga 100.00 100.00 South Tripura 399,728 South Tripura 100.00 100.00
    North Kanara 849,105 Uttar Kannad 100.00 100.00 West Tripura 751,605 North Tripura 0.54 0.99
    Shimoga 1,301,485 Shimoga 100.00 100.00 West Tripura 99.46 100.00
    Nagaland Kohima 175,204 Kohima 74.55 100.00 Uttar Pradesh Agra 2,308,638 Agra 100.00 100.00
    Phek 25.45 100.00 Aligarh 2,111,829 Aligarh 100.00 100.00
    Mokokchung 168,242 Mokokchung 49.25 100.00 Almora 750,038 Almora 86.48 100.00
    Wokha 22.76 100.00 Pithoragarh 13.52 24.43
    Zunheboto 27.99 100.00 Azamgarh 2,857,484 Azamgarh 100.00 100.00
    Tuensang 173,003 Mon 37.07 100.00 Ballia 1,588,935 Ballia 100.00 100.00
    Tuensang 62.93 100.00 Bara Banki 1,635,593 Bara Banki 100.00 100.00
    Punjab Amritsar 1,835,500 Amritsar 100.00 100.00 Basti 2,984,090 Basti 100.00 100.00
    Bhatinda 1,318,134 Bathinda 77.78 100.00 Bijnor 1,490,185 Bijnor 100.00 100.00
    Faridkot 22.22 25.38 Bulandshahr 2,073,343 Bulandshahr 91.23 100.00
    Firozpur 1,905,833 Faridkot 45.17 74.62 Ghaziabad 8.77 13.57
    Firozpur 54.83 100.00 Chamoli 292,571 Chamoli 100.00 100.00
    Gurdaspura 1,229,249 Gurdaspur 100.00 99.98 Etawah 1,447,702 Etawah 100.00 100.00
    Hoshiarpur 1,052,153 Gurdaspur 0.02 0.02 Faizabad 1,927,281 Faizabad 100.00 100.00
    Hoshiarpur 99.90 100.00 Fatehpur 1,278,254 Fatehpur 100.00 100.00
    Ludhiana 0.06 0.04 Garhwal 553,028 Garhwal 100.00 100.00
    Rupnagar 0.02 0.04 Kanpur 2,996,232 Kanpur 100.00 100.00
    Jullundur 1,454,501 Jalandhar 100.00 100.00 Mainpuri 1,445,534 Mainpuri 100.00 100.00
    Ludhiana 1,419,421 Ludhiana 100.00 99.96 Mathura 1,290,307 Mathura 100.00 100.00
    Patiala 1,215,100 Patiala 98.69 99.02 Meerut 3,366,953 Ghaziabad 34.42 86.43
    Rupnagar 1.31 2.90 Meerut 65.58 100.00
    Ropar 545,005 Patiala 2.17 0.98 Muzaffarnagar 1,802,289 Muzaffarnagar 100.00 100.00
    Rupnagar 97.83 97.06 Naini Tal 790,080 Naini Tal 100.00 100.00
    Sangrur 1,146,650 Sangrur 100.00 100.00 Pithoragarh 313,747 Pithoragarh 100.00 75.57
    Rajasthan Alwar 1,391,162 Alwar 100.00 99.10 Rae Bareli 1,510,812 Rae Bareli 100.00 100.00
    Bundi 449,021 Bundi 100.00 100.00 Saharanpur 2,054,834 Saharanpur 100.00 100.00
    Chittaurgarh Jaipur Jaisalmer 944,981 2,482,385 166,761 Chittaurgarh Alwar Jaipur Jaisalmer 100.00 0.51 99.49 100.00 99.990.90 100.0099.37 West Bengal Sultanpur Tehri Garhwal Calcutta 1,642,928 397,385 3,148,746 Sultanpur Tehri Garhwal Calcutta 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
    Jhalawar 622,001 Jhalawar 100.00 99.72 Murshidabad 2,940,204 Murshidabad 100.00 99.78
    Jodhpur 1,152,712 Jaisalmer 0.09 0.63 Nadia 2,230,270 Murshidabad 0.29 0.22
    Jodhpur 99.91 100.00 Nadia 99.71 100.00
    Kota 1,143,870 Jhalawar 0.15 0.28 Twenty Four Twenty Four
    Kota 99.85 100.00 Parganas 8,449,482 Parganas 100.00 100.00

    (a) One uninhabited village with an area of 0.2 sq km was transferred from Gurdaspur district to Hoshiarpur district in 1973.

    Economic & Political Weekly

    Table 6b: Boundary Changes in ‘Other’ Districts (1981-1991) Table 6b: (Continued)
    Census 1981 1981 District Population 1991 District Share of 1991 Share of 1981 Census 1981 1981 District Population 1991 District Share of 1991 Share of 1981
    State/UT in 1981 District in District in State/UT in 1981 District in District in
    1981 District 1991 District 1981 District 1991 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    Andhra Pradesh Adilabad 1,639,003 Adilabad 100.00 99.92 Faridabad 98.41 99.89
    Anantapuram 2,548,012 Anantapur 100.00 99.89 Ghaziabad 0.02 0.01
    Chittoor 2,737,316 Chittoor 100.00 100.00 Gurgaon 1.54 1.78
    Cuddapah 1,933,304 Anantapur 0.15 0.11 Gurgaon 849,598 Faridabad 0.13 0.11
    Cuddapah 99.85 100.00 Gurgaon 99.87 98.22
    Hyderabad 2,260,702 Hyderabad 99.57 100.00 Hisar 1,496,534 Hisar 99.53 100.00
    Rangareddi 0.43 0.61 Rohtak 0.47 0.46
    Nellore 2,014,879 Nellore 100.00 100.00 Jind 938,074 Jind 83.40 100.00
    Rangareddy 1,582,062 Rangareddi 100.00 99.39 Kaithal 14.08 20.47
    Srikakulam 1,959,352 Srikakulam 100.00 100.00 Panipat 2.51 3.77
    Visakhapatanam 2,576,474 Visakhapatanam 100.00 100.00 Karnal 1,322,826 Karnal 52.85 99.88
    Vizianagaram 1,804,196 Vizianagaram 100.00 100.00 Kurukshetra 1.67 4.05
    Arunachal Pradesh East Siang 70,451 East Siang 100.00 92.34 Panipat 45.47 96.23
    Lower Subansiri 112,650 Lower Subansiri 100.00 100.00 Kurukshetra 1,130,026 Kaithal 45.42 79.53
    Upper Subansiri 39,410 Upper Subansiri 100.00 100.00 Karnal 0.08 0.12
    West Siang 74,164 East Siang 7.88 7.66 Kurukshetra 46.41 95.95
    West Siang 92.12 100.00 Yamunanagar 8.09 14.38
    Assam Darrang 1,736,188 Darrang 48.07 100.00 Mahendragarh 959,400 Bhiwani 0.76 0.78
    Sonitpur 51.93 99.47 Mahendragarh 55.56 100.00
    Goalpara 2,225,103 Bongaigaon 21.91 99.42 Rewari 43.68 84.35
    Dhubri 38.25 100.00 Rohtak 1,341,953 Rewari 5.79 15.65
    Goalpara 19.48 100.00 Rohtak 94.21 82.44
    Kokrajhar 20.35 100.00 Sirsa 707,068 Sirsa 100.00 100.00
    Kamrup 2,854,183 Barpeta 33.95 100.00 Sonipat 846,765 Rohtak 30.96 17.10
    Bongaigaon 0.10 0.58 Sonipat 69.04 100.00
    Kamrup 42.10 99.56 Himachal Pradesh Chamba 311,147 Chamba 100.00 100.00
    Nalbari 23.86 100.00 Lahul And Spiti 32,100 Lahul and Spiti 100.00 100.00
    Nowgong 1,680,895 Kamrup 0.32 0.44 Shimla 510,932 Shimla 100.00 100.00
    Marigaon 25.22 100.00 Sirmaur 306,952 Sirmaur 99.98 100.00
    Nagaon 74.46 100.00 Solan 0.02 0.02
    Sibsagar 1,837,389 Golaghat 28.50 100.00 Solan 303,280 Solan 100.00 99.98
    Jorhat 35.62 100.00 Jammu and Badgam 367,262 Badgam 100.00 100.00
    Sibsagar 35.61 100.00 Kashmir
    Sonitpur 0.26 0.53 Baramula 670,142 Baramula 100.00 100.00
    Bihar Begusarai 1,456,343 Begusarai 100.00 100.00 (Kashmir North)
    Dhanbad 2,115,010 Dhanbad 100.00 100.00 Jammu 943,395 Jammu 100.00 100.00
    Giridih 1,731,462 Giridih 100.00 100.00 Kathua 369,123 Kathua 100.00 100.00
    Hazaribagh 2,198,310 Hazaribag 100.00 100.00 Kupwara 328,743 Kupwara 100.00 100.00
    Munger 3,315,427 Khagaria 23.18 100.00 Srinagar 708,328 Srinagar 100.00 100.00
    Munger 76.82 100.00 Udhampur 453,636 Udhampur 100.00 100.00
    Nalanda 1,641,325 Nalanda 100.00 100.00 Karnataka Belgaum 2,980,440 Belgaum 99.95 100.00
    Patna 3,019,201 Patna 100.00 100.00 Uttar Kannad 0.05 0.14
    Gujarat Ahmadabada 3,875,794 Ahmadabad 100.00 100.00 Bellary 1,489,225 Bellary 100.00 100.00
    Amreli 1,079,097 Amreli 100.00 100.00 Chitradurga 1,777,499 Chitradurga 100.00 100.00
    Banas Kantha 1,667,914 Banas Kantha 100.00 100.00 Shimoga 1,656,731 Shimoga 100.00 100.00
    Bharuch 1,296,451 Bharuch 100.00 100.00 Uttar Kannad 1,072,034 Uttar Kannad 100.00 99.86
    Bhavnagar 1,879,340 Bhavnagar 100.00 100.00 Kerala Alleppey 2,350,145 Alappuzha 79.38 100.00
    Gandhinagara 289,088 Gandhinagar 100.00 100.00 Kollam 0.01 0.01
    Junagadh 2,100,709 Junagadh 100.00 100.00 Pathanamthitta 20.62 43.06
    Kheda 3,015,027 Kheda 100.00 100.00 Cannanore 2,803,467 Kannur 68.87 100.00
    Mahesana 2,548,787 Mahasana 100.00 100.00 Kasaragod 31.13 100.00
    Vadodara 2,558,092 Vadodara 100.00 100.00 Ernakulam 2,535,294 Ernakulam 99.996 100.00
    Haryanab Ambala 1,409,463 Ambala 61.37 100.00 Thrissur 0.004 0.004
    Yamunanagar 38.63 85.62 Idukki 971,636 Idukki 99.76 100.00
    Bhiwani 920,052 Bhiwani 100.00 99.22 Pathanamthitta 0.24 0.21
    Faridabad 1,000,859 Bulandshahr 0.03 0.01 Kottayam 1,697,442 Kottayam 100.00 100.00
    Continued

    october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41

    Table 6b: (Continued) Table 6b: (Continued)

    Census 1981 1981 District Population 1991 District Share of 1991 Share of 1981 Census 1981 1981 District Population 1991 District Share of 1991 Share of 1981

    State/UT in 1981 District in District in State/UT in 1981 District in District in
    1981 District 1991 District 1981 District 1991 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    Kozhikode 2,245,265 Kozhikode 100.00 100.00 Tuensang 152,332 Mon 9.99 16.17
    Malappuram 2,402,701 Malappuram 100.00 100.00 Tuensang 90.01 100.00
    Palghat 2,044,399 Palakkad 100.00 100.00 Wokha 57,583 Wokha 100.00 99.54
    Quilon 2,813,650 Kollam 77.31 99.99 Zunheboto 61,161 Zunheboto 100.00 84.34
    Pathanamthitta 22.69 56.73 Punjab Amritsar 2,118,490 Amritsar 100.00 100.00
    Trichur 2,439,543 Thrissur 100.00 99.996 Bathinda 1,304,606 Bathinda 100.00 100.00
    Wayanad 554,026 Wayanad 100.00 100.00 Faridkot 1,436,228 Faridkot 100.00 99.79
    Madhya Pradesh Bhopal 894,739 Bhopal 100.00 100.00 Firozpur 1,307,804 Faridkot 0.24 0.21
    Bilaspur 2,953,366 Bilaspur 100.00 100.00 Firozpur 99.76 100.00
    Datia 311,893 Datia 100.00 100.00 Gurdaspur 1,513,435 Gurdaspur 100.00 100.00
    Durg 1,890,467 Durg 100.00 100.00 Hoshiarpur 1,243,807 Hoshiarpur 100.00 99.87
    Gwalior 1,107,879 Gwalior 100.00 100.00 Jalandhar 1,734,574 Jalandhar 100.00 100.00
    Hoshangabad 1,003,939 Hoshangabad 100.00 100.00 Ludhiana 1,818,912 Hoshiarpur 0.07 0.10
    Raj Nandgaon 1,167,501 Rajnandgaon 100.00 100.00 Ludhiana 99.93 100.00
    Sehore 657,381 Sehore 100.00 100.00 Patiala 1,568,898 Patiala 100.00 100.00
    Maharashtra Ahmadnagar 2,708,309 Ahmednagar 100.00 99.85 Rupnagar 716,662 Hoshiarpur 0.04 0.02
    Aurangabad 2,433,420 Ahmednagar 0.17 0.15 Rupnagar 99.96 100.00
    Aurangabad 65.17 100.00 Sangrur 1,410,250 Sangrur 100.00 100.00
    Jalna 34.66 81.87 Rajasthan Alwar 1,771,173 Alwar 99.12 100.00
    Bid 1,486,030 Bid 95.08 100.00 Jaipur 0.88 0.45
    Latur 4.92 5.65 Bundi 586,982 Bundi 100.00 95.91
    Chandrapur 2,055,642 Adilabad 0.07 0.08 Chittaurgarh 1,232,494 Chittorgarh 100.00 100.00
    Chandrapur 68.93 100.00 Jaipur 3,420,574 Jaipur 100.00 99.55
    Gadchiroli 31.00 100.00 Jaisalmer 243,082 Jaisalmer 100.00 100.00
    Kolhapur 2,506,330 Kolhapur 98.04 100.00 Jhalawar 784,998 Jhalawar 100.00 100.00
    Sindhudurg 1.96 6.30 Jodhpur 1,667,791 Jodhpur 100.00 100.00
    Osmanabad 2,230,620 Latur 54.69 94.35 Kota 1,559,784 Bundi 1.61 4.09
    Osmanabad 45.31 98.16 Kota 98.39 100.00
    Parbhani 1,829,378 Jalna 10.21 18.13 Sawai Madhopur 1,535,870 Sawai Madhopur 100.00 100.00
    Parbhani 89.79 100.00 Udaipur 2,356,959 Udaipur 100.00 100.00
    Ratnagiri 2,111,311 Ratnagiri 65.35 100.00 Sikkim South District 75,976 South District 100.00 100.00
    Sindhudurg 34.65 93.70 West District 75,192 West District 100.00 100.00
    Sangli 1,831,212 Sangli 100.00 99.83 Tamil Nadu Chengalpattu 3,616,508 Chengalpattu-Mgr 100.00 100.00
    Solapur 2,610,144 Osmanabad 0.73 1.84 Madras 3,276,622 Madras 100.00 100.00
    Sangli 0.12 0.17 Pudukkottai 1,156,813 Puddukkottai 100.00 100.00
    Solapur 99.16 100.00 Ramanathapuram 3,335,437 Kamarajar 40.20 100.00
    Manipur Manipur Central 929,077 Bishnupur 15.19 99.57 Pasumpon M.Thevar 29.15 100.00
    Imphal 59.86 99.80 Ramanathapuram 30.65 100.00
    Thoubal 24.95 99.62 Thanjavur 4,063,545 Thanjavur 100.00 100.00
    Manipur North 155,421 Bishnupur 0.21 0.23 Tiruchchirappallic 3,612,320 Tiruchirapalli 100.00 100.00
    Imphal 0.71 0.20 Tripura North Tripura 541,248 North Tripura 98.51 100.00
    Senapati 98.50 100.00 South Tripura 1.49 1.48
    Thoubal 0.58 0.38 South Tripura 535,558 South Tripura 100.00 98.52
    Manipur South 134,776 Bishnupur 0.21 0.20 West Tripura 976,252 West Tripura 100.00 100.00
    Churachandpur 99.79 100.00 Uttar Pradesh Agra 2,852,942 Agra 79.11 100.00
    Manipur West 62,289 Tamenglong 100.00 100.00 Firozabad 20.89 47.29
    Tengnoupal 56,444 Chandel 100.00 100.00 Aligarh 2,574,925 Aligarh 100.00 100.00
    Meghalaya East Khasi Hills 511,414 East Khasi Hills 100.00 100.00 Almora 757,373 Almora 100.00 100.00
    Jaintia Hills 156,402 Jaintia Hills 100.00 100.00 Azamgarh 3,544,130 Azamgarh 70.90 100.00
    West Khasi Hills 161,576 West Khasi Hills 100.00 100.00 Mau 29.10 91.56
    Nagaland Kohima 250,105 Kohima 95.46 100.00 Ballia 1,945,376 Ballia 95.11 100.00
    Zunheboto 4.54 15.66 Mau 4.89 8.44
    Mokokchung 104,193 Mokokchung 99.74 100.00 Bara Banki 1,992,074 Barabanki 100.00 100.00
    Wokha 0.26 0.46 Basti 3,578,069 Basti 61.43 100.00
    Mon 78,938 Mon 100.00 83.83 Siddharth Nagar 38.57 100.00
    Phek 70,618 Phek 100.00 100.00 Bijnor 1,939,261 Bijnor 99.37 100.00
    Continued

    Economic & Political Weekly

    Table 6b: (Continued) Table 6b: (Continued)
    Census 1981 1981 District Population 1991 District Share of 1991 Share of 1981 Census 1981 1981 District Population 1991 District Share of 1991 Share of 1981
    State/UT in 1981 District in District in State/UT in 1981 District in District in
    1981 District 1991 District 1981 District 1991 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    Hardwar 0.63 1.37 Muzaffarnagar 2,274,487 Hardwar 1.14 2.92
    Bulandshahr 2,358,270 Bulandshahr 100.00 99.99 Muzaffarnagar 98.86 100.00
    Chamoli 364,346 Chamoli 100.00 97.52 Naini Tal 1,136,523 Nainital 100.00 100.00
    Etawah 1,742,651 Etawah 100.00 100.00 Pithoragarh 489,267 Pithoragarh 100.00 100.00
    Faizabad 2,382,515 Faizabad 100.00 100.00 Rae Bareli 1,886,940 Rae Bareli 100.00 100.00
    Fatehpur 1,572,421 Fatehpur 100.00 100.00 Saharanpur 2,673,561 Hardwar 31.87 95.70
    Garhwal 637,877 Chamoli 1.45 2.48 Saharanpur 68.13 100.00
    Garhwal 98.55 100.00 Sultanpur 2,042,778 Sultanpur 100.00 100.00
    Ghaziabad 1,843,130 Ghaziabad 100.00 99.99 Tehri Garhwal 497,710 Tehri Garhwal 100.00 100.00
    Kanpur 3,742,223 Kanpur Dehat 47.87 100.00 West Bengal Calcutta 3,305,006 Calcutta 100.00 80.09
    Kanpur Nagar 52.13 100.00 Murshidabad 3,697,552 Murshidabad 100.00 100.00
    Mainpuri 1,726,202 Firozabad 38.48 52.71 Nadia 2,964,253 Nadia 100.00 100.00
    Mainpuri 61.52 100.00 Twenty Four 10,739,439 Calcutta 7.65 19.91
    Mathura 1,560,447 Mathura 100.00 100.00 Parganas North 24 Paraganas 51.49 100.00
    Meerut 2,767,246 Meerut 100.00 100.00 South 24 Paraganas 40.86 100.00
  • (a) Portions of two villages, with unknown population and a total area of 0.73 sq km, were transferred from Gandhinagar district to Ahmadabad district between 1981 and 1991.
  • (b) Our work relies on the Haryana population transfers listed in Statement 1 (p 118) and the Appendix to Table A-2 published in government of India (1996). These figures do not include some small transfers that are listed in Appendix 1 to Table A-1. For this reason the weights we have listed for Haryana districts (except Sirsa and Bhiwani) are approximate.
  • (c) An uninhabited portion of one village, with an area of 0.04 sq km, was transferred from Tirucchirappalli district to Pasumpon M. Thevar district between 1981 and 1991.
  • Table 6c: Boundary Changes in ‘Other’ Districts (1991-2001) Table 6c: (Continued)

    Census 1991 1991 District Population 2001 District Share of 2001 Share of 1991 Census 1991 1991 District Population 2001 District Share of 2001 Share of 1991 State/UT in 1991 District in District in State/UT in 1991 District in District in 1991 District 2001 District 1991 District 2001 District

    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

    Andhra Pradesh Adilabad 2,082,479 Adilabad 100.00 100.00Bihar Begusarai 1,814,773 Begusarai 100.00 100.00 Anantapur 3,183,814 Anantapur 99.91 100.00 Dhanbad 2,674,651 Bokaro 27.11 49.86 Cuddapah 0.09 0.13Dhanbad 72.89 100.00 Chittoor 3,261,118 Chittoor 100.00 100.00 Giridih 2,225,480 Bokaro 32.77 50.14 Cuddapah 2,267,769 Cuddapah 100.00 99.87Giridih 67.23 100.00 Hyderabad 3,145,939 Hyderabad 100.00 100.00 Hazaribag 2,843,544 Chatra 21.55 100.00 Nellore 2,392,260 Nellore 100.00 100.00Hazaribagh 64.57 100.00 Rangareddi 2,551,966 Rangareddi 100.00 100.00Kodarma 13.88 100.00 Srikakulam 2,321,126 Srikakulam 100.00 100.00 Khagaria 987,227 Khagaria 100.00 100.00 Visakhapatanam 3,285,092 Visakhapatnam 100.00 100.00 Munger 3,060,027 Jamui 34.36 100.00 Vizianagaram 2,110,943 Vizianagaram 100.00 100.00 Lakhisarai 21.12 100.00 Arunachal Pradesh East Siang 99,643 East Siang 72.12 100.00 Munger 30.84 100.00 Upper Siang 27.88 100.00 Sheikhpura 13.68 99.59Lower Subansiri 155,978 Lower Subansiri 53.32 100.00 Nalanda 1,997,995 Nalanda 99.91 100.00 Papum Pare 46.68 100.00 Sheikhpura 0.09 0.41Upper Subansiri 50,086 Upper Subansiri 100.00 100.00 Patna 3,618,211 Patna 100.00 100.00 West Siang 89,936 West Siang 100.00 100.00 Gujarat Ahmadabad 4,801,812 Ahmadabad 95.54 100.00 Assam Barpeta 1,385,659 Barpeta 100.00 100.00Gandhinagar 4.46 19.89 Bongaigaon 807,523 Bongaigaon 100.00 100.00 Amreli 1,252,589 Amreli 86.76 83.03 Darrang 1,298,860 Darrang 100.00 100.00Junagadh 13.24 7.93 Dhubri 1,332,475 Dhubri 99.39 100.00 Banas Kantha 2,162,578 Banas Kantha 91.63 100.00 Kokrajhar 0.61 1.00Patan 8.37 17.48 Goalpara 668,138 Goalpara 100.00 100.00 Bharuch 1,546,145 Bharuch 74.27 100.00 Golaghat 828,096 Golaghat 100.00 100.00Narmada 25.73 88.54 Jorhat 871,206 Jorhat 100.00 100.00 Bhavnagar 2,292,026 Amreli 9.69 16.97 Kamrup 2,000,071 Kamrup 100.00 100.00Bhavnagar 90.31 100.00 Kokrajhar 800,659 Kokrajhar 100.00 99.00 Gandhinagar 408,992 Gandhinagar 100.00 37.96 Marigaon 639,682 Marigaon 100.00 100.00 Junagadh 2,394,859 Junagadh 80.40 92.07 Nagaon 1,893,171 Nagaon 100.00 100.00Porbandar 19.60 100.00 Nalbari 1,016,390 Nalbari 100.00 100.00 Kheda 3,440,897 Anand 47.74 100.00 Sibsagar 907,983 Sibsagar 100.00 100.00Gandhinagar 0.33 1.07 Sonitpur 1,424,287 Sonitpur 100.00 100.00 Kheda 51.93 100.00

    Continued

    october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41

    Table 6c: (Continued) Table 6c: (Continued)
    Census 1991 1991 District Population 2001 District Share of 2001 Share of 1991 Census 1991 1991 District Population 2001 District Share of 2001 Share of 1991
    State/UT in 1991 District in District in State/UT in 1991 District in District in
    1991 District 2001 District 1991 District 2001 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    Mahasana 2,937,810 Gandhinagar 15.07 41.08 Chitradurga 2,180,443 Chitradurga 60.20 100.00
    Mahesana 55.83 100.00 Davanagere 39.80 55.65
    Patan 29.10 82.52 Shimoga 1,909,663 Davanagere 23.95 29.34
    Vadodara 3,089,610 Narmada 1.67 11.46 Shimoga 76.05 100.00
    Vadodara 98.33 100.00 Uttar Kannad 1,220,260 Uttara Kannada 100.00 100.00
    Haryana Ambala 1,116,878 Ambala 72.21 100.00 Kerala Alappuzhaa 2,001,217 Alappuzha 100.00 100.00
    Panchkula 27.79 100.00 Ernakulamb 2,817,236 Ernakulam 100.00 99.19
    Bhiwani 1,139,718 Bhiwani 99.81 97.78 Idukki 1,078,066 Ernakulam 2.14 0.81
    Hisar 0.19 0.18 Idukki 97.86 100.00
    Faridabad 1,477,240 Faridabad 100.00 100.00 Kannur 2,251,727 Kannur 100.00 100.00
    Gurgaon 1,146,090 Gurgaon 100.00 100.00 Kasaragod 1,071,508 Kasaragod 100.00 100.00
    Hisar 1,844,634 Fatehabad 35.03 100.00 Kollamc 2,407,566 Kollam 100.00 100.00
    Hisar 64.97 99.11 Kottayam 1,828,271 Kottayam 100.00 100.00
    Jind 963,104 Jind 98.08 96.35 Kozhikode 2,619,941 Kozhikode 100.00 100.00
    Kaithal 1.05 1.29 Malappuram 3,096,330 Malappuram 100.00 100.00
    Karnal 0.87 0.81 Palakkad 2,382,235 Palakkad 100.00 100.00
    Kaithal 820,685 Jind 3.82 3.20 Pathanamthittad 1,188,332 Pathanamthitta 100.00 100.00
    Kaithal 93.56 98.21 Thrissur 2,737,311 Thrissur 100.00 100.00
    Karnal 0.96 0.76 Wayanad 672,128 Wayanad 100.00 100.00
    Kurukshetra 1.66 2.03 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal 1,351,479 Bhopal 100.00 100.00
    Karnal 885,797 Karnal 97.85 83.71 Bilaspur 3,793,566 Bilaspur 44.68 100.00
    Kurukshetra 0.24 0.31 Janjgir - Champa 29.27 100.00
    Panipat 1.91 2.43 Kawardha 4.29 31.66
    Kurukshetra 641,943 Kaithal 0.61 0.50 Korba 21.77 100.00
    Kurukshetra 99.39 95.32 Datia 396,317 Datia 100.00 76.90
    Mahendragarh Panipat 681,869 833,501 Mahendragarh Karnal 100.00 18.28 100.0014.71 Durg Gwalior 2,397,134 1,412,610 Durg Datia Gwalior 100.00 8.43 91.57 100.0023.10 100.00
    Rewari 623,301 Panipat Jhajjar Rewari 81.72 2.04 97.96 97.571.77 100.00 Hoshangabad 1,267,211 Harda Hoshangabad 30.05 69.95 100.00 100.00
    Rohtak 1,808,606 Bhiwani Hisar 1.43 0.47 2.22 0.71 Rajnandgaon 1,439,951 Kawardha Rajnandgaon 24.37 75.63 68.34 100.00
    Sehore 841,358 Sehore 100.00 100.00
    Jhajjar Jind 38.84 0.25 98.23 0.45 Maharashtra Ahmednagar Aurangabad 3,372,935 2,213,779 Ahmadnagar Aurangabad 100.00 100.00 100.00100.00
    Rohtak 42.96 100.00 Bid 1,822,072 Bid 100.00 100.00
    Sonipat 16.05 27.77 Chandrapur 1,771,994 Chandrapur 100.00 100.00
    Sirsa 903,536 Sirsa 100.00 100.00 Gadchiroli 787,010 Gadchiroli 100.00 100.00
    Sonipat 754,866 Sonipat 100.00 72.23 Jalna 1,364,425 Jalna 100.00 100.00
    Yamunanagar 821,880 Kurukshetra 1.90 2.33 Kolhapur 2,989,507 Kolhapur 100.00 100.00
    Yamunanagar 98.10 100.00 Latur 1,676,641 Latur 100.00 100.00
    Himachal Pradesh Chamba 393,286 Chamba 100.00 100.00 Osmanabad 1,276,327 Osmanabad 100.00 100.00
    Lahul And Spiti 31,294 Lahul and Spiti 100.00 100.00 Parbhani 2,117,035 Hingoli 38.92 100.00
    Shimla 617,404 Shimla 100.00 100.00 Parbhani 61.08 100.00
    Sirmaur 379,695 Sirmaur 100.00 100.00 Ratnagiri 1,544,057 Ratnagiri 100.00 100.00
    Solan 382,268 Solan 100.00 100.00 Sangli 2,209,488 Sangli 100.00 100.00
    Jammu and Badgam 483,698 Badgam 100.00 100.00 Sindhudurg 832,152 Sindhudurg 100.00 100.00
    Kashmir* Baramula 891,044 Baramula 100.00 100.00 Solapur 3,231,057 Solapur 100.00 100.00
    Jammu 1,231,553 Jammu 100.00 100.00 Manipur Bishnupur 180,773 Bishnupur 100.00 100.00
    Kathua 452,739 Kathua 100.00 100.00 Chandel 71,014 Chandel 100.00 100.00
    Kupwara 465,948 Kupwara 100.00 100.00 Churachandpur 176,184 Churachandpur 100.00 100.00
    Srinagar 928,526 Srinagar 100.00 100.00 Imphal 711,261 Imphal East 46.46 100.00
    Udhampur 584,051 Udhampur 100.00 100.00 Imphal West 53.54 100.00
    Karnataka Belgaum 3,583,606 Belgaum 100.00 100.00 Senapati 208,406 Senapati 100.00 100.00
    Bellary 1,890,092 Bellary 87.61 100.00 Tamenglong 86,278 Tamenglong 100.00 100.00
    Davanagere 12.39 15.01 Thoubal 293,958 Thoubal 100.00 100.00
    Continued

    Economic & Political Weekly

    Table 6c: (Continued) Table 6c: (Continued)
    Census 1991 1991 District Population 2001 District Share of 2001 Share of 1991 Census 1991 1991 District Population 2001 District Share of 2001 Share of 1991
    State/UT in 1991 District in District in State/UT in 1991 District in District in
    1991 District 2001 District 1991 District 2001 District
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    Meghalaya East Khasi Hills 665,218 East Khasi Hills 80.51 100.00 Sawai Madhopur 1,963,246 Dausa 8.14 16.07
    Ri Bhoi 19.14 100.00 Karauli 47.25 100.00
    West Khasi Hills 0.35 1.06 Sawai Madhopur 44.61 100.00
    Jaintia Hills 220,473 Jaintia Hills 100.00 100.00 Udaipur 2,889,301 Rajsamand 28.47 100.00
    West Khasi Hills 220,157 West Khasi Hills 100.00 98.94 Udaipur 71.53 100.00
    Nagaland Kohima 387,581 Dimapur 45.91 100.00 Sikkim South District 98,604 South 100.00 100.00
    Kohima 54.09 100.00 West District 98,161 West 100.00 100.00
    Mokokchung 158,374 Mokokchung 100.00 100.00 Tamil Nadu Chengalpattu-MGR 4,653,593 Kancheepuram 51.90 100.00
    Mon 149,699 Mon 100.00 100.00 Thiruvallur 48.10 100.00
    Phek 102,156 Phek 100.00 100.00 Kamarajar 1,565,037 Virudhunagar 100.00 100.00
    Tuensang 232,906 Tuensang 100.00 100.00 Madras 3,841,396 Chennai 100.00 100.00
    Wokha 82,612 Wokha 100.00 100.00 Pasumpon M Thevar 1,078,190 Sivaganga 100.00 97.74
    Zunheboto 96,218 Zunheboto 100.00 100.00 Puddukkottai 1,327,148 Pudukkottai 100.00 100.00
    Punjab Amritsar 2,504,560 Amritsar 100.00 99.98 Ramanathapuram 1,144,040 Ramanathapuram 97.82 100.00
    Bathinda 1,559,963 Bathinda 63.16 100.00 Sivaganga 2.18 2.26
    Mansa 36.84 100.00 Thanjavur 4,531,457 Nagapattinam 30.40 100.00
    Faridkot 1,730,876 Faridkot 26.29 100.00 Thanjavur 45.32 100.00
    Moga 35.98 80.06 Thiruvarur 24.28 100.00
    Muktsar 37.73 99.79 Tiruchirapalli 4,138,048 Ariyalur 15.38 100.00
    Firozpur 1,607,817 Amritsar 0.03 0.02 Karur 20.64 100.00
    Firozpur 90.12 100.00 Perambalur 10.90 100.00
    Jalandhar 0.12 0.12 Tiruchirappalli 53.08 100.00
    Moga 9.65 19.94 Tripura North Tripura 697,330 Dhalai 33.01 82.96
    Muktsar 0.08 0.21 North Tripura 66.99 100.00
    Gurdaspur Hoshiarpur 1,756,732 1,455,028 Gurdaspur Gurdaspur Hoshiarpur Ludhiana 100.00 0.04 89.26 0.14 99.970.03 100.00 0.08 Uttar Pradesh South Tripura West Tripura Agra 766,014 1,293,861 2,751,021 Dhalai South Tripura West Tripura Agra 6.17 93.83 100.00 100.00 17.04 100.00 100.00 100.00
    Nawanshahr 10.57 28.94 Aligarh 3,295,982 Aligarh 74.32 100.00
    Hathras 25.68 75.11
    Jalandhar 2,026,787 Jalandhar 81.31 99.88 Almora 836,617 Almora 72.70 100.00
    Ludhiana 0.07 0.06
    Nawanshahr 18.62 71.06 Azamgarh 3,153,885 Bageshwar Ambedkar Nagar 27.30 0.80 100.001.55
    Punjab Ludhiana 2,471,594 Fatehgarh Sahib 2.82 15.34 Azamgarh 99.20 100.00
    Ludhiana 97.06 98.79 Ballia 2,262,273 Ballia 100.00 100.00
    Rupnagar 0.12 0.32 Barabanki 2,423,136 Barabanki 87.19 100.00
    Patiala 1,896,242 Fatehgarh Sahib 19.17 79.89 Faizabad 12.81 18.42
    Ludhiana 0.08 0.06 Basti 2,738,522 Basti 61.58 100.00
    Patiala 80.58 99.96 Sant Kabir Nagar 38.42 91.33
    Rupnagar 0.18 0.38 Bijnor 2,454,521 Bijnor 100.00 100.00
    Rupnagar 915,603 Fatehgarh Sahib 2.37 4.77 Bulandshahr 2,849,859 Bulandshahar 86.61 100.00
    Patiala 0.07 0.04 Gautam Buddha Nagar 13.39 44.89
    Rupnagar 97.56 99.30 Chamoli 454,871 Chamoli 71.50 100.00
    Sangrur 1,710,120 Ludhiana 1.44 1.02 Rudraprayag 28.50 64.65
    Sangrur 98.56 100.00 Etawah 2,124,655 Auraiya 47.07 100.00
    Rajasthan Alwar 2,296,580 Alwar 100.00 100.00 Etawah 52.93 99.49
    Bundi 770,248 Bundi 100.00 100.00 Faizabad 2,978,484 Ambedkar Nagar 53.86 98.45
    Chittorgarh 1,484,190 Chittaurgarh 100.00 100.00 Faizabad 46.14 81.58
    Jaipur 4,722,551 Dausa 17.67 83.93 Fatehpur 1,899,241 Fatehpur 100.00 99.99
    Jaipur 82.33 100.00 Firozabad 1,533,054 Firozabad 100.00 100.00
    Jaisalmer 344,517 Jaisalmer 100.00 100.00 Garhwal 682,535 Garhwal 98.29 100.00
    Jhalawar 956,971 Jhalawar 100.00 100.00 Nainital 0.10 0.12
    Jodhpur 2,153,483 Jodhpur 100.00 100.00 Rudraprayag 1.61 5.48
    Kota 2,030,831 Baran 39.90 100.00 Ghaziabad 2,703,933 Gautam Buddha Nagar 17.32 55.11
    Kota 60.10 100.00 Ghaziabad 82.68 100.00
    Continued

    october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41

    Table 6c: (Continued) Table 7: The Number of Consistent Regions between Each Census Year and 2001

    Census 1991 1991 District Population 2001 District Share of 2001 Share of 1991 For each state, this table counts the number of regions with unchanged boundaries that can be used

    State/UT in 1991 District in District in for panels between 2001 and each census year 1971, 1981 and 1991. This includes districts that are 1991 District 2001 District unchanged or partitioned, as well as the composite regions listed in Table 8

    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

    Census 2001 State/UT Number of Regions 1971 1981 1991

    Hardwar 1,124,488 Hardwar 100.00 100.00

    (1) (2) (3) (4)

    Kanpur Dehat 2,138,317 Kanpur Dehat 60.95 100.00

    Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 2 2

    Kanpur Nagar 39.05 25.67

    Andhra Pradesha 18 21 22

    Kanpur Nagar 2,418,487 Kanpur Nagar 100.00 74.33

    Arunachal Pradesh 4 8 11

    Mainpuri 1,316,746 Etawah 0.43 0.51

    Assam 6 6 22 Mainpuri 99.57 100.00

    Bihar 10 23 28 Mathura 1,931,186 Hathras 14.53 24.89

    Chandigarh 1 1 1 Mathura 85.47 100.00

    Chhattisgarh 5 6 6 Mau 1,445,782 Mau 100.00 100.00

    Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1 1 1 Meerut 3,447,912 Baghpat 29.88 100.00

    Daman and Diu 2 2 2 Meerut 70.12 100.00

    Delhi 1 1 1 Muzaffarnagar 2,842,543 Muzaffarnagar 100.00 100.00

    Goa 1 1 2 Nainital 1,540,174 Champawat 2.67 21.56 Gujarat 12 12 12

    Nainital 37.28 99.88 Haryanab 1 3 6

    Udham Singh Nagar 60.05 100.00Himachal Pradesh 7 11 12

    Pithoragarh 566,408 Champawat 26.44 78.44 Jammu and Kashmir 7 14 14

    Pithoragarh 73.56 100.00Jharkhand 5 6 12

    Rae Bareli 2,322,810 Fatehpur 0.01 0.01 Karnataka 16 16 18

    Rae Bareli 99.45 100.00 Kerala 4 8 13

    Sultanpur 0.55 0.50Lakshadweep 1 1 1

    Madhya Pradesh 35 37 37 Maharashtraa 20 20 30

    Saharanpur 2,309,029 Saharanpur 100.00 100.00

    Siddharth Nagar 1,707,885 Sant Kabir Nagar 5.85 8.67 Manipur 2 4 8

    Siddharthnagar 94.15 100.00Meghalaya 2 4 4

    Sultanpur 2,558,970 Sultanpur 100.00 99.50Mizoram 1 3 3

    Tehri Garhwal 580,153 Rudraprayag 10.32 29.87 Nagaland 2 4 7

    Tehri Garhwal 89.68 100.00 Orissa 13 13 13

    West Bengal Calcutta 4,399,819 Kolkata 100.00 100.00Pondicherry 4 4 4

    Murshidabad 4,740,149 Murshidabad 100.00 100.00

    Punjab 2 33

    Nadia 3,852,097 Nadia 100.00 100.00

    Rajasthan 20 23 26

    North 24 Paraganas 7,281,881 North Twenty

    Sikkim 3 4 4

    Four Parganas 100.00 100.00 Tamil Nadu 12 16 20

    South 24 Paraganas 5,715,030 South Twenty Tripura 1 2 2

    Four Parganas 100.00 100.00 Uttar Pradeshb,c 35 37 45

    * Census operations were not held in Jammu and Kashmir in 1991 due to political unrest.The population figures reported for this state in 1991 are interpolated numbers reported in Census 2001 documents. Uttaranchalc 4 5 5

    (a) an uninhabited portion of one village, with an area of 0.07 sq km, was transferred from Alappuzha

    West Bengal 14 15 17 district to Pathanamthitta district in 1996.

    India 267 334 414

    (b) uninhabited portions of two villages, with a total area of 0.33 sq km, were transferred from (a) In 1971 and 1981, one composite region cuts across the state boundaries of Andhra Pradesh Ernakulam district to Idukki district in 1997.

    and Maharashtra. (b) In 1971 and 1981, one composite region cuts across the state boundaries (c) an uninhabited portion of one village, with an area of 0.01 sq km, was transferred from Kollam of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. (c) In 1971 and 1981, one composite region cuts across the state district to Pathanamthitta district in 1992.

    boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal.

    (d) an uninhabited portion of one village, with an area of 5.03 sq km, was transferred from (1) When a region cuts across state boundaries, it is included in the count of regions for each of Pathanamthitta district to Kottayam district in 1995. those states. However, the totals for India do not double-count such regions.

    Economic & Political Weekly

    Table 8: Composite Regions
    1971 State/UT 1971 Region 1981 Region 1991 Region 2001 District 2001 State/UT
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    Andhra Pradesh Adilabad, Chandrapura Adilabad, Chandrapura Adilabad Adilabad Andhra Pradesh
    Anantapur, Cuddapah Anantapuram, Cuddapah Anantapur, Cuddapah Anantapur, Cuddapah
    Chittoor, Nellore Chittoor, Nellore Chittoor, Nellore Chittoor, Nellore
    Hyderabad Hyderabad, Rangareddy Hyderabad, Rangareddi Hyderabad, Rangareddi
    Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam Srikakulam, Vishakhapatanam, Srikakulam, Vishakhapatanam, Srikakulam, Vishakhapatanam,
    Vizianagaram Vizianagaram Vizianagaram
    Arunachal Pradesh Siang, Subansiri East Siang, West Siang East Siang East Siang, Upper Siang Arunachal Pradesh
    West Siang West Siang
    Lower Subansiri Lower Subansiri Lower Subansiri, Papum Pare
    Upper Subansiri Upper Subansiri Upper Subansiri
    Assam Darrang, Sibsagar Darrang, Sibsagar Darrang Darrang Assam
    Golaghat Golaghat
    Jorhat Jorhat
    Sibsagar Sibsagar
    Sonitpur Sonitpur
    Goalpara, Kamrup, Nowgong Goalpara, Kamrup, Nowgong Barpeta Barpeta
    Bongaigaon Bongaigaon
    Dhubri, Kokrajhar Dhubri, Kokrajhar
    Goalpara Goalpara
    Kamrup Kamrup
    Marigaon Marigaon
    Nagaon Nagaon
    Nalbari Nalbari
    Bihar Monghyr, Patna Begusarai Begusarai Begusarai Bihar
    Munger, Nalanda Khagaria Khagaria
    Munger, Nalanda Jamui, Lakhisarai, Munger
    Nalanda, Sheikhpura
    Patna Patna Patna
    Dhanbad, Hazaribagh Dhanbad, Giridih Dhanbad, Giridih Bokaro, Dhanbad, Giridih Jharkhand
    Hazaribagh Hazaribagh Chatra, Hazaribagh, Kodarma
    Gujarat Ahmedabad, Banas Kantha, Ahmedabad, Banas Kantha, Ahmedabad, Banas Kantha, Ahmedabad, Anand Gujarat
    Gandhinagar, Kheda (Kaira), Gandhinagar, Kheda, Mahesana Gandhinagar, Kheda, Mahasana Banas Kantha, Gandhinagar
    Mehsana Kheda, Mahesana, Patan
    Amreli, Bhavnagar, Junagadh Amreli, Bhavnagar, Junagadh Amreli, Bhavnagar, Junagadh Amreli, Bhavnagar, Junagadh
    Porbandar
    Bharuch (Broach),Vadodara (Baroda) Bharuch, Vadodara Bharuch, Vadodara Bharuch, Narmada, Vadodara
    Haryana Ambala, Bulandshahr, Gurgaon, Ambala, Bhiwani, Hisar, Jind, Ambala Ambala, Panchkula Haryana
    Hisar, Jind, Karnal, Mahendragarh, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Bhiwani, Hisar, Jind, Kaithal, Bhiwani, Fatehabad, Hisar, Jhajjar,
    Meerut, Rohtakb Mahendragarh,Rohtak,Sonipat Karnal, Kurukshetra, Panipat, Jind, Kaithal, Karnal, Kurukshetra,
    Rewari, Rohtak, Sonipat, Panipat, Rewari, Rohtak, Sonipat,
    Yamunanagar Yamunanagar
    Mahendragarh Mahendragarh
    Bulandshahr, Faridabad, Faridabad Faridabad
    Ghaziabad, Gurgaonb Gurgaon Gurgaon
    Sirsa Sirsa Sirsa
    Himachal Pradesh Chamba, Lahul and Spiti Chamba, Lahul and Spiti Chamba, Lahul and Spiti Chamba, Lahul and Spiti Himachal Pradesh
    Mahasu, Simla, Sirmaur Shimla Shimla Shimla
    Sirmaur, Solan Sirmaur, Solan Sirmaur, Solan
    Jammu and Kashmir Baramula, Srinagar Badgam Badgam Badgam Jammu and Kashmir
    Baramula (Kashmir North) Baramula Baramula
    Kupwara, Srinagar Kupwara, Srinagar Kupwara, Srinagar
    Jammu, Kathua, Udhampur Jammu, Kathua Jammu, Kathua Jammu, Kathua
    Udhampur Udhampur Udhampur
    Kerala Alleppey, Ernakulam, Kottayam, Alleppey, Ernakulam, Idukki, Alappuzha Alappuzha Kerala
    Quilon, Trichur Quilon, Trichur Ernakulam, Idukki Ernakulam, Idukki
    Kollam Kollam
    Pathanamthitta Pathanamthitta
    Thrissur Thrissur
    Kottayam Kottayam Kottayam
    Continued
    october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41 Economic & Political Weekly
    EPW
    Table 8: Composite Regions (Continued)
    1971 State/UT 1971 Region 1981 Region 1991 Region 2001 District 2001 State/UT
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    Cannanore, Kozhikode Cannanore Kannur, Kasaragod Kannur, Kasaragod
    Kozhikode Kozhikode Kozhikode
    Wayanad Wayanad Wayanad
    Mallapuram, Palghat Malappuram Malappuram Malappuram
    Palghat Palakkad Palakkad
    Madhya Pradesh Bilaspur, Durg Bilaspur, Raj Nandgaon Bilaspur, Rajnandgaon Bilaspur Chhattisgarh
    Janjgir - Champa, Kawardha,
    Korba, Rajnandgaon
    Durg Durg Durg
    Datia, Gwalior Datia, Gwalior Datia, Gwalior Datia, Gwalior Madhya Pradesh
    Hoshangabad, Sehore Bhopal Bhopal Bhopal
    Hoshangabad Hoshangabad Harda, Hoshangabad
    Sehore Sehore Sehore
    Maharashtra Adilabad, Chandrapura Adilabad, Chandrapur Chandrapur Chandrapur Maharashtra
    Gadchiroli Gadchiroli
    Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Ahmadnagar, Aurangabad, Ahmednagar Ahmadnagar
    Parbhani Parbhani Aurangabad Aurangabad
    Jalna Jalna
    Parbhani Hingoli, Parbhani
    Bhir, Osmanabad, Sangli, Sholapur Bid, Osmanabad, Sangli, Solapur Bid Bid
    Latur Latur
    Osmanabad Osmanabad
    Sangli Sangli
    Solapur Solapur
    Kolhapur, Ratnagiri Kolhapur, Ratnagiri Kolhapur Kolhapur
    Ratnagiri Ratnagiri
    Sindhudurg Sindhudurg
    Manipur Manipur Central, Manipur North, Manipur Central,Manipur North, Bishnupur Bishnupur Manipur
    Manipur South, Manipur West Manipur South Churachandpur Churachandpur
    Imphal Imphal East, Imphal West
    Senapati Senapati
    Thoubal Thoubal
    Manipur West Tamenglong Tamenglong
    Tengnoupal Chandel Chandel
    Meghalaya United Khasi and Jaintia Hills East Khasi Hills, West Khasi Hills East Khasi Hills, West Khasi Hills East Khasi Hills, Ri Bhoi, Meghalaya
    West Khasi Hills
    Jaintia Hills Jaintia Hills Jaintia Hills
    Mysore Belgaum, North Kanara Belgaum, Uttar Kannad Belgaum, Uttar Kannad Belgaum, Uttar Kannada Karnataka
    Bellary, Chitradurga, Shimoga Bellary, Chitradurga, Shimoga Bellary, Chitradurga, Shimoga Bellary, Chitradurga,
    Davanagere
    Shimoga
    Nagaland Kohima, Mokokchung Kohima, Zunheboto Kohima Dimapur, Kohima Nagaland
    Zunheboto Zunheboto
    Mokokchung, Wokha Mokokchung, Wokha Mokokchung, Wokha
    Phek Phek Phek
    Tuensang Mon, Tuensang Mon, Tuensang Mon, Tuensang
    Punjab Amritsar, Bhatinda, Firozpur, Amritsar, Faridkot, Firozpur, Amritsar, Faridkot, Firozpur, Amritsar, Faridkot, Punjab
    Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jullundur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Fatehgarh Sahib, Firozpur,
    Ludhiana, Patiala, Ropar, Sangrur Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Patiala, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Patiala, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur,
    Rupnagar, Sangrur Rupnagar, Sangrur Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Moga,
    Muktsar, Nawanshahr, Patiala
    Rupnagar, Sangrur
    Bathinda Bathinda Bathinda
    Mansa
    Rajasthan Alwar, Jaipur, Sawai Madhopur Alwar, Jaipur, Sawai Madhopur Alwar Alwar Rajasthan
    Jaipur, Sawai Madhopur Dausa, Jaipur, Karauli,
    Sawai Madhopur
    Continued
    Economic & Political Weekly october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41
    EPW
    Table 8: Composite Regions (Continued)
    1971 State/UT 1971 Region 1981 Region 1991 Region 2001 District 2001 State/UT
    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    Bundi, Jhalawar, Kota Bundi, Kota Bundi Bundi
    Kota Baran, Kota
    Jhalawar Jhalawar Jhalawar
    Chittaurgarh, Udaipur Chittaurgarh Chittorgarh Chittaurgarh
    Udaipur Udaipur Rajsamand, Udaipur
    Jaisalmer, Jodhpur Jaisalmer Jaisalmer Jaisalmer
    Jodhpur Jodhpur Jodhpur
    Sikkim South District, West District South District South District South Sikkim
    West District West District West
    Tamil Nadu Chingleput, Madras Chengalpattu Chengalpattu-MGR Kancheepuram, Thiruvallur Tamil Nadu
    Madras Madras Chennai
    Ramanathapuram Ramanathapuram Kamarajar Virudhunagar
    Pasumpon M Thevar, Ramanathapuram
    Ramanathapuram Sivaganga
    Thanjavur, Tiruchirapalli Pudukkottai Puddukkottai Pudukkottai
    Thanjavur Thanjavur Nagapattinam, Thanjavur,
    Thiruvarur
    Tiruchchirappalli Tiruchirapalli Ariyalur, Karur, Perambalur,
    Tiruchirappalli
    Tripura North Tripura, South Tripura, North Tripura, South Tripura North Tripura, South Tripura Dhalai, North Tripura Tripura
    West Tripura South Tripura
    West Tripura West Tripura
    Uttar Pradesh Agra, Etawah, Mainpuri Agra, Etawah, Mainpuri Agra Agra Uttar Pradesh
    Etawah, Mainpuri Auraiya, Etawah, Mainpuri
    Firozabad Firozabad
    Aligarh, Mathura Aligarh, Mathura Aligarh, Mathura Aligarh, Hathras, Mathura
    Ambala, Bulandshahr, Gurgaon, Bulandshahr, Faridabad, Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad Bulandshahar,
    Hisar, Jind, Karnal, Mahendragarh, Ghaziabad, Gurgaonb Gautam Buddha Nagar
    Meerut, Rohtakb Ghaziabad
    Meerut Meerut Baghpat, Meerut
    Azamgarh, Ballia, Bara Banki, Azamgarh, Ballia, Bara Banki, Azamgarh, Barabanki, Ambedkar Nagar
    Faizabad Faizabad Faizabad Azamgarh
    Barabanki
    Faizabad
    Ballia Ballia
    Mau Mau
    Basti Basti Basti, Siddharth Nagar Basti, Sant Kabir Nagar
    Siddharthnagar
    Uttar Pradesh Fatehpur, Rae Bareli, Sultanpur Fatehpur, Rae Bareli, Sultanpur Fatehpur, Rae Bareli, Sultanpur Fatehpur, Rae Bareli Uttar Pradesh
    Sultanpur
    Kanpur Kanpur Kanpur Dehat, Kanpur Nagar Kanpur Dehat, Kanpur Nagar
    Bijnor, Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpurc Bijnor, Muzaffarnagar, Bijnor Bijnor
    Saharanpurc Muzaffarnagar Muzaffarnagar
    Saharanpur Saharanpur
    Hardwar Hardwar Uttaranchal
    Almora, Chamoli, Garhwal, Naini Tal, Almora Almora Almora, Bageshwar
    Pithoragarh, Tehri Garhwal Chamoli, Garhwal, Naini Tal, Chamoli, Garhwal, Nainital, Chamoli, Champawat, Garhwal,
    Pithoragarh, Tehri Garhwal Pithoragarh, Tehri Garhwal Nainital, Pithoragarh,
    Rudraprayag, Tehri Garhwal
    Udham Singh Nagar
    West Bengal Calcutta, Twenty Four Parganas Calcutta, Twenty Four Parganas Calcutta Kolkata West Bengal
    North 24 Parganas North Twenty Four Parganas
    South 24 Parganas South Twenty Four Parganas
    Murshidabad, Nadia Murshidabad Murshidabad Murshidabad
    Nadia Nadia Nadia
    (a) This region cuts across the state boundaries of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
    (b) This region cuts across the state boundaries of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
    (c) This region cuts across the state boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal.
    october 10, 2009 vol xliv No 41 Economic & Political Weekly
    EPW

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