Based on a comparative analysis of the NSS Employment-Unemployment Surveys for 1993-94 and 1999-2000, this paper examines, at the all-India level, the changes in: the size and structure of workforce; the extent of unemployment and underemployment; labour productivity and days worked; and wage earnings per worker and per head of population in rural and urban India. Key results include a slower growth of workforce relative to that of population; a reduction in the share and size of the workforce in agriculture and in community, social and personal services; and widespread gains in labour productivity getting translated into equally widespread and significant growth in average wage earnings per worker and per capita.