Articles by Reji K Joseph

Socio-economic considerations associated with the application of gene technologies have been a major concern, especially in developing countries, which are caught between the potentials of biotechnology for development, on the one hand, and their adverse socio-economic impacts, on the other. Globally, the experience of countries even with the most advanced regimes for incorporating these issues shows that addressing them effectively remains a challenge. The Cartagena Biosafety Protocol, the only global instrument for governance of genetically modified crops, does not address these considerations. Thus policy frameworks depend primarily on domestic concerns and priorities. Recent attempts to separate socio-economic assessment from biosafety assessment processes and conduct the two in parallel appear to embody a more pragmatic approach. The proposed Biotechnology Regulatory Authority of India Bill must draw upon this international experience and associated insight.

There is the view that in the post-1991 period, India's exports of drugs and pharmaceuticals have grown rapidly - thereby confirming that India has much to gain by conforming to global drug patent standards. But a close reading of the data shows that the growth of the main drug exports has slowed, while that of imports - especially formulations - has accelerated.