Development projects in Andhra Pradesh are emerging as new sources of displacement in the scheduled areas. But the track record of governments regarding rehabilitation of tribals leaves a great deal to be desired. The tribals are not homogeneous as upwardly mobile sections have already emerged. Recent research suggests a trend towards livelihood diversification. This paper argues that tribal development strategies need to go beyond land-based livelihoods and aim at emerging areas such as human capital, infrastructure, food security and employment generation. Positive discrimination has great potential but the policy still needs to be more inclusive. Empowerment of tribal women through self-help groups has shown the way in several locations.
