Articles by James Manor

Blurring the Lines between Parties and Social Bases Gundu Rao and Emergence of a Janata Government in Karnataka James Manor In the absence of an organisational instrument capable of rigorous, relatively centralised control of the regions, leaders at the national level have been able to make their influence penetrate down to the regional level and below most effectively by means of compromise and bargaining with powerful groups in regional and sub-regional areas. Since 1970 or so Indira Gandhi has tended to depart from this method by attempting to operate by diktat on the erroneous assumption that this will enable her to make her influence penetrate more effectively to lower levels and second, to homogenise the politics of the varied regions.