G B Venkatesha Murthy TRADITION ALLY, fertility differentials between groups or sub-populations have been correlated with differences in socioeconomic characteristics. Differences in family size across groups were thought to be a function of the variation in the composition of those groups on variables such as income, occupation, education and rural/urban residence. But even when differences in these characteristics are eliminated through standardisation or some other forms of control, the differences in family size across sub-populations still persist. It is in this context that the paper by Abusaleh Shariff (Socio-Economic and Demography Differentials between Hindus and Muslim in India', LPW, November 18, 1995) becomes relevant. Though this paper makes interesting reading it fails to offer any theoretical support to the observed high fertility among the Muslims in India.