Four Representative States URDU has been so neglected in India that it has become the language of only the Muslims. In other words, Urdu education has become synonymous with Muslim education. It is also worth mentioning that an impartial and unprejudiced account of social and political conduct of the Muslims as well as the causes of their backwardness in education cannot be examined unless the dimensions of the politics, around, Urdu after independence are understood and examined. The cause of Muslims' backwardness in India is mainly associated with their religious and social complexities. But this analysis will remain incomplete and one-sided until it is admitted in principle that the Muslim backward sections are not very different from the other backward Indian communities. Though at some levels it is easy to recognise the difference between Indian Muslims and the other backward communities in India, an analysis of the social and educational condition of the Indian Muslims is essential at various levels, especially comparing them with other communities be- cause the circumstances and educational condition differ at every level.
